DEVELOPEMENT OF THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY INTURKEY, STATE OF ART AND PERSPECTIVES

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DEVELOPEMENT OF THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
IN TURKEY, STATE OF ART AND PERSPECTIVES Tevfik
Kaya (Petroleum Eng. Msc) Orme Jeotermal
A.S. www.ormejeotermal.com.tr
12-15 February 2006 Engine Conferance BRGM
Orleans-France
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Turkey is the seventh richest country in the
World in geothermal potential for its direct use
and for electricity generation. Most of the
country is located on the Alpine-Hymalayan
orogenic belt which constitutes the major factor
in having high geothermal potential.
orme
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Geothermal Activity

In Turkey, more than 170 geothermal fields which
can be useful at the economic scale and about
1500 hot and mineral water resources.
Temperatures ranged from 20-242oC, have been
determined
Main neotectonic lines and hot spring
distribution of Turkey
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With the existing springs and geothermal wells
the proven geothermal capacity calculated is 3293
MWt The distributions of proven geothermal
potential is estimated as 31,500 MWt.
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• Capacities in Geothermal Utilization in Turkey

District Heating Greenhouse Heating
827 MWt Balneological Utilization
402 MWt Total Direct Use 1229
MWt Power Production 20.4 MWe Carbon
dioxide production 145.000 ton/year
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Geothermal Heating

• History of geothermal district heating
• systems in Turkey is started
• the year 1987, in Gönen City, with 1400
• residence equivalence.
• Today, 103.000 residences equivalance
• are heated Geothermally in more
• than 15 different cities.
• 800.000 tons/year CO2 emission
• amount is not discharged to the
• atmosphere.

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Some Example Geothermal Heating in 2005-2006

• Edremit GDHS Project
• 7500 residence capacity
• 1700 residence complated
• 3,5 km geothermal water transproted
• 58-60C, 7 geothermal wells (250-400m)
• 17500 tons fuel oil and 53.500 CO2 will be
  saved/year

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Some Example Geothermal Heating in 2005-2006

• Izmir Balçova GDHS Project
• 2.500 residence capacity in 1995
• 2 geothermal deep well, max T 125C
• 21.000 residence capacity in 2006
• 10 geothermal deep well, max T 140 C
• 52500 tons fuel oil and 150.000 CO2 is
  saving/year

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Balneological Usage

• Because Turkey is located on top of a major
• geothermal belt and has numerous springs, its
• thermal spring potential is among the top seven
• countries in the world. There are over a 1000
• springs with temperatures ranging from 20ºC to
• 110ºC and with a flow ranging from 2 to 500
• liters/sec. More than 200 of these springs are
• feeding thermal facilities.
• Turkey is one of the rare countries, where
• combining sea/sun/cultural tourism with thermal
• tourism and balneological applications is
• possible. Çesme etc.
• The number annually local thermal
• curists is around 7 million and the number of the
  
• foreign thermal curists is around 10,000-15.000
  in
• Turkey.

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Balcova Hot Springs Hotel and Treatment Thermal
Centre in Izmir.
Balçova thermal facilities is over 3000 years
old, It was used Commander Agamemnon took 1,000
Ships to Troy. Agamemnon was in Troy to stamp
Mycenaean 'greek' Male Authority on Anatolian
Queens like Beautiful Helen and Wife
Clytemnestra. In 10 years of figting Agamemnon
sent his wounded soldiers to Balçova Spa for
Cures, Rest and Relaxation.
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Geothermal Greenhouse Heating Application
Low-temperature water is used in many localities
for greenhouses producing vegetables (tomatoes,
cucumbers, peppers, lettuce, etc.) and flowers
for the domestic market. More than 700,000 m2
are under glass at present in Turkey.
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Geothermal Power Production in Turkey

• Geothermal electricity production is advantageous
  because of the relatively low
• installation and operational cost as well as
  being more environmentally benign, in
• comparison to the conventional thermic and
  hydraulic power plants. At present,
• ten of the geothermal fields of Turkey are of
  high enthalpy and are appropriate
• for the geothermal electric energy generation by
  binary cycle or by flashing cycle.
• These fields are
• Denizli-Kizildere Field (242 C)
• Aydin - Germencik -Omerbeyli Field (232 C)
• Manisa Salihli-Göbekli Field (182 C)
• Çanakkale- Tuzla Field (174 C)
• Aydin-Salavatli Field (171 C)
• Kütahya-Simav Field (162 C)
• Manisa- Salihli-Caferbey Field (150 C)
• Izmir- Seferihisar Field (153 C)
• Izmir-Balçova Field (142C)
• Aydin-Yilmazköy Field (142 C)

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Geothermal Power Production in Turkey

• Kizildere Power Plant
• Temperature 200C (600-800 m)
• 242C (1500-2000m)
• Flow Rate 1000 m3/h
• Installed Capacity 20.5 MWe
• Running Capacity 12-15 MWe
• Production 7580 milyon kWh/year

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CO2 production from geothermal in Turkey

• In Kizildere Geothermal Field and connected
  Power Plant
• Operating since 1980
• Plant uses 270 l/s of 242C water with high gas
  content
• Annual production 145.000 tones CO2 and 13.000
  tones dry ice used for soft drink production and
  industry.

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Some Historical use of geothermal events

• 1963 First Geothermal Well was drilled in
  Balçova,Izmir
• 1964 First Geothermal Heating System in Hotel
  Balikesir(Gönen).
• 1968 Kizildere Geothermal Field was explored and
  drilling was started
• 1974 First power production 0,5 MWe was realized
  by Orhan Mertoglu
• 1983 First Downhole Heat Excahanger Application
  for heating in Balçova Izmir.
• 1984 First power plant is opened (20.4 MWe)
  Kizildere,
• 1987 First Geothermal District Heating System
  started operation Gönen Balikesir

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Comparison of Geothermal Utilization between
2000 and 2005 in Turkey
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Finance System of Geothermal District Heating in
Turkey

• The portion of the consumers financial
• contribution (non return as grant) in each
• geothermal district heating investment is
• 50-60 in Turkey.
• This finance model is called as
• Turkish Finance Model.
• The meaning of this model is 1500-2500
• US/100m2 residence contribution and
• connection fee (non return as grant) is
• paid by the consumers (customers) to
• the company formed by local
• government and municipality in order to
• get connected to the geothermal district
• heating network. (Privite Co. also)

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Contributions of the Loan consumers and the own
capital
It can be seen explicitly from the figure that
the amount of investment financed by consumers
increases while the amount financed by loan
decreases during the years of investment period.
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Investment Amount Finance Model (Income
percentages of the total investment)
10-20 Own Capital
50-60 Financed by Consumers (like grant)

30-40 Loan

While 100 of the investment is completed, the
total amount of investment financed by consumers
is 50-60, by loan is 30-40 and by own capital
is 10-20.
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Comparison of heat selling prices between
Geothermal, Natural gas, Fuel-oil in Turkey
The geothermal heating fees which are determined
in October-November remain the same for the whole
year in Turkish Lira basis. One residences
(100m2) pays 40-50 YTL/month heatinghot water
1 Euro1,6 YTL
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Comparison of the Investment Costs with
Geothermal and Natural Gas
GeothermalThe total investment cost of
Geothermal District Heating Systems per residence
(100 m2) is about 1500 - 2500 . The operation
cost is 70 cheaper than natural gas.Natural
GasThe global total investment cost of natural
gas, including transportation of gas from
Russia, network distribution in the city,
residence connections and adaptations is about
2000-2500 per residence.
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Conclusions...

• Direct-indirect electrical energy and heat
  energy saving is
• provided due to the geothermal heating in
  Turkey.Electricity demand for heating is
  decreased by geothermal heating, especially in
  the Western Anatolia where big energy consumption
  and less power plant exist.
• With Turkey's total geothermal potential, it
  is possible to meet
• 5 of the electricity needs and 30 of
  the heat energy
• demand of Turkey.
• By heating 1 million residences by geothermal
  energy, 8 million
• tons/year CO2 emission amount will not be
  discharged to the
• atmosphere.

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Thank you..
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Thank you for your attention...
photo tevfik kaya
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Geothermal Power Production in Turkey

• Temperature 170C
• Flow Rate 600 m3/h
• Capacity 7,9 MWe?
• Production 56 Million kwh/h ?
• TOE 30.000 Ton/yil
• Construction Period 33 months
• Under test production in January 2006

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Current Geothermal Situation and Projections in
Turkey
R.E. Residences Equivalance
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Total Geothermal Heat Potential Of Turkey
31500 MWt EQUALS TO 5 Million residences
heating or 150 Million m2 greenhouse
heating More than 1 Million spas bed capacity
9,3 Billion USD/year Fuel-Oil (30 Million
tons/year) 30 Billion m3/year natural gas
State Planning Organisation, 8th 5 Year
Development Plan, Geothermal Energy Report, 2001