NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

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NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
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LIKELIHOOD OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN REGION

• THE SEISMICITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN HAS BEEN
  DOCUMENTED FOR OVER 2000 YEARS
• MANY IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST HAVE
  BEEN DESTROYED BY EARTHQUAKES
• THE NEXT DISASTER IS NOT A QUESTION OF IF, BUT
  WHEN

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2150 BC EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• 2150 BC

• CONSEQUENCES
• SODOM AND GOMORRAH DESTROYED

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525 BC EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

• EVENT
• 525 BC
• COASTAL LEBANON

• CONSEQUENCES
• TYRE DESTROYED BY TSUNAMI

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140 BC EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• 140 BC
• COASTAL LEBANON

• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI STRIKES TYRE

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31 BC EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• 31 BC
• AT LEAST MAGNITUDE 7
• JORDAN VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• ONE OF THE LARGEST SHOCKS IN 2000 YEARS

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DECEMBER 3M 115 AD EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• DECEMBER 3, 115 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST

• CONSEQUENCES
• ANTIOCH DEVASTATED

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306 AD EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• 306 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST

• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI

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349 AD EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• 349 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON

• CONSEQUENCES
• MOST OF BEIRUT DESTROYED

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AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD EARTHQUAKES

• EVENT
• AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON

• CONSEQUENCES
• DAMAGE FROM TYRE TO ALEPPO

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JULY 6, 551 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

• EVENT
• JULY 6, 551 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• MAY BE LARGEST MAGNITUDE EVENT IN LEVANT

• CONSEQUENCES
• TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF BEIRUT AND A LARGE AREA
• TSUNAMI
• TECTONIC DEFORMATION

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JUNE 658 AD EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• JUNE 658 AD
• SYRIA-PALESTINE

• CONSEQUENCES
• DEVASTATION EVERYWHERE

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JANUARY 18, 746 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

• EVENT
• JANUARY 18, 746 AD
• M7.3
• JORDAN VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• HEAVY DAMAGE IN VALLEY
• TSUNAMI

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OCTOBER 881 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

• EVENT
• OCTOBER 881 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST

• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI AT ACRE

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MAY 1053 AD EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• MAY 1063 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON

• CONSEQUENCES
• ARQA DESTROYED AND ABANDONED

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AUGUST 15, 1157 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• AUGUST 15, 1157
• MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
• BEKAA VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• DAMASCUS DESTROYED

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JUNE 29, 1170 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• JUNE 29, 1170 AD
• MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
• BEKAA VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE

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JUNE-JULY 1201 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS

• EVENT
• JUNE AND JULY, 1201
• LEVANTIAN COAST

• CONSEQUENCES
• SEISMIC SWARM
• DESTRUCTION IN CYRPRUS, SYRIA, AND PALESTINE
• TSUNAMIS

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MAY 20, 1202 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• MAY 20, 1202
• MAGNITUDE 7.5
• BEKAA VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• TRIPOLI, HOMS, AND BAALBEK DESTROYED

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AUGUST 8, 1303 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• AUGUST 8, 1303
• EGYPT

• CONSEQUENCES
• DAMAGE IN CAIRO AND ALEXANDRIA

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DECEMBER 1403 - JANUARY 1404 EARTHQUAKES AND
TSUNAMIS

• EVENT
• DECEMBER 1403-JANUARY 1404
• LEVANTINE COAST

• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI

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SEPTEMBER 19, 1509 EARTHQUAKES

• EVENT
• SEPTEMBER 10, 1509
• MARMARA SEA

• CONSEQUENCES
• ISTANBUL DESTROYED

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JULY 21, 1752 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

• EVENT
• JULY 21, 1752
• LEVANTINE COAST

• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMIS

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NOVEMBER 25, 1759 BEKAA VALLEY EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 25, 1759
• MAGNITUDE 7.4
• BEKAA VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• BEIRUT AND DAMASCUS DEVASTATED
• 30,000 DEAD

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AUGUST 13, 1882 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• AUGUST 13, 1822
• ALEPPO, SYRIA

• CONSEQUENCES
• 20,000 KILLED
• 17,000 HOUSES DESTROYED

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JANUARY 1, 1837 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• JANUARY 1, 1837
• TIBNIN, JORDAN

• CONSEQUENCES
• 4,000 KILLED

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DECEMBER 12, 1856 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• DECEMBER 12, 1856
• JORDAN VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• TIBERIAS DESTROYED
• TSUNAMIS

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JULY 11, 1927 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• JULY 11, 1927
• MAGNITUDE 7.2
• JORDAN VALLEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• JERUSALEM AND AMMAN DAMAGED
• 340 DEAD
• MANY HOUSES DAMAGED

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DECEMBER 26, 1939 ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• DECEMBER 26, 1939
• MAGNITUDE 8
• MANY AFTERSHOCKS
• ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE, TURKEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 43,000 KILLED
• 76,000 INJURED
• 200,000 HOUSES DESTROYED

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MARCH 6, 1952 EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• MARCH 16, 1952
• MAGNITUDE 6
• COASTAL LEBANON, 50 KM SOUTH OF BEIRUT

• CONSEQUENCES
• 136 DEAD
• 6.000 HOUSES DESTROYED

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OCTOBER 10, 1980 EL ASNAM EARTHQUAQKE

• EL ASNAM , ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE
• OCTOBER 10, 1980
• 2,500 DEATHS
• 300,000 HOMELESS
• 4 BILLION IN LOSSES (10 OF ALGERIAS GDP)

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DECEMBER 13, 1982 DAHMAR EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• DECEMBER 13, 1982
• MAGNITUDE 6
• DAHMAR, YEMEN

• CONSEQUENCES
• 15,000 KILLED OR INJURED
• 500,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED

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MARCH 13, 1992 ERZINCAN EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• MARCH 13, 1992
• MAGNITUDE 7.1
• ERZINCAN, TURKEY

• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 653 DEAD
• 3,850 INJURED
• 50,000 HOMELESS

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OCTOBER 12, 1992 DAHSHOUR EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• OCTOBER 12, 1992
• MAGNITUDE 5.9
• DAHSHOUR, EGYPT

• CONSEQUENCES
• 7,000 KILLED OR INJURED
• 1,000 SCHOOLS DAMAGED

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NOVEMBER 23, 1995 GULF OF AQABA EVENT

• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 23, 1995 MAGNITUDE 7.5
• GULF OF AQABA

• CONSEQUENCS
• DAMAGE TO BUILDNGS IN BORDER REGIONS OF JORDAN,
  EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND SAUDI ARABIA
• CONSIDERED A WAKE UP CALL

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AUGUST 17, 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE

• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 17,127 KILLED
• 43,953 INJURED
• 250,000 HOMELESS
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

• EVENT
• 302 AM AUGUST 17, 1999
• MAGNITUDE 7.4
• KOCAELI, TURKEY
• INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND AND 12,500 SQUARE KM IMPACTED

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KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE

• INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND DEVASTATED
• OIL REFINERY
• AUTO PLANT
• 30,500 BUSINESSES AFFECTED
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS

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IMPACT AREA OF KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
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NOVEMBER 12, 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE

• EVENT
• 657 PM NOVEMBER 12, 1999
• MAGNITUDE 7.2
• DUZCE, TURKEY, 185 KM EAST OF ISTANBUL

• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 500 DEAD
• 3,000 INJURED
• TRANS-EUROPEAN MOTORWAY DAMAGED

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FUTURE EARTHQUAKES IN TURKEY

• THE SEISMICITY IN TURKEY AND THE MIDDLE EAST IS
  MONITORED CONTINUOUSLY
• THE SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS IS THAT EARTHQUAKE
  EPICENTERS ARE MIGRATING TOWARDS ISTANBUL