Western Art

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Western Art

• How did we get here?

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Your Task

• Make notes of the Art Movements that are
  interesting to you (3)
• Write down the names of individual artists that
  interest you (3 different artists, from 3
  different art movements)
• Write down the titles of any artworks that
  interest you.
• You will be learning about the art
  movements/artists/paintings of your choice, and
  giving a presentation, along with your project.

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The Middle Ages

• Early Christian art was about telling a story.
• The art of this period contained subjects who
  lacked facial expression and followed a
  formula.
• Artists, of this period, were not concerned with
  the subjects as much as they were the story of
  the people in these stories

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• Blue pigment was made of lapis lazuli, and was
  the most expensive. Therefore, it was reserved
  for the robe of Mary and came to represent
  purity.
• Other symbols in colors and objects tell the
  viewer what is happening

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The halo comes from this era

• Artist used symbols, like gold leaf, the halo,
  and color to tell us who the figures are.

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The Renaissance

• The Renaissance was a period of great creative
  and intellectual activity, during which artists
  broke away from the restrictions of Medieval Art.
  
• Throughout the 15th century, artists studied the
  natural world in order to perfect their
  understanding of such subjects as anatomy and
  perspective.

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Notice he difference in the treatment of the
figures and the background
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Among the many great artists of this period were
Sandro Botticelli,.
Birth of Venus, Sandro Botticelli
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• The High Renaissance was the culmination of the
  artistic developments of the Early Renaissance,
  and one of the great explosions of creative
  genius in history. It is notable for three of the
  greatest artists in history Michelangelo,
  Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci.

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Leonardo da Vinci
One of the most famous painters of all time, but
also famous for his talent in architecture,
sculpture, engineering, geology, hydraulics and
the military arts, all with success, and in his
spare time doodled parachutes and flying machines
that resembled inventions of the 19th and 20th
centuries.
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Michelangelo
Perhaps the greatest influence on western art in
the last five centuries, Michelangelo was an
Italian sculptor, architect, painter and poet in
the period known as the High Renaissance.
Pieta
Detail of The Sistine Chapel
David
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Raphael
Raphael is one of the most famous artists of
Italy's High Renaissance and one of the greatest
influences in the history of Western art.
School of Athens
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Baroque Art

• Baroque Art developed in Europe around 1600, as
  an reaction against the intricate and formulaic
  that dominated the Late Renaissance. Baroque art
  is less complex, more realistic and more
  emotionally affecting than Mannerist art.One of
  the great periods of art history, Baroque Art was
  developed by Caravaggio, Bernini, Rembrandt, and
  Vermeer.

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Caravaggio

• Chiaroscuro intense contrast of light and dark,
  used to create drama

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Changed the way we view art by adding drama,
personality and realism
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Johannes Vermeer

• Soft studies of light and color, with incredible
  realism and detail

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Bernini
Dramatic naturalistic poses, making rock look
soft
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Rococo Art

• Rococo Art succeeded Baroque Art in Europe. It
  was most popular in France, and is generally
  associated with the reign of King Louis XV
  (1715-1774).
• It is a light, elaborate and decorative style of
  art.

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Jean-Antoine Watteau

• Love in the Italian Theatre

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• Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
• Holy Trinity

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Jean-Honore Fragonard

• The Swing, 1767

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Neoclassical

• Neoclassical Art is a severe and unemotional form
  of art that references ancient Greece and Rome.
  Its rigidity was a reaction to the overboard
  Rococo style and the emotionally charged Baroque
  style.
• The rise of Neoclassical Art was part of a
  general revival of interest in classical thought,
  which was of some importance in the American and
  French revolutions.

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Jaques Louis-David

• Oath of the Horatii

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John William Waterhouse

• Pre-Raphaelite
• Myth and legend based work

Boreas
The Lady of Shallot
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Romanticism

• Romanticism might best be described as
  anticlassicism, and reaction against
  Neoclassiciam.
• It is a deeply-felt style which is
  individualistic, exotic, beautiful and
  emotionally wrought.
• Great artists closely associated with Romanticism
  include Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable,
  and William Blake.  

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Caspar David Friedrich

• Woman at Dawn

Wander Above the Sea of Fog
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William Blake
Newton
The Ghost of a Flea
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John Constable
The Hay Wain
Deadham Vale
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Realism

• Realism is an approach to art in which subjects
  are depicted in as straightforward a manner as
  possible, without idealizing them and without
  following rules of formal artistic theory.  The
  earliest Realist work began to appear in the 18th
  century, in a reaction to the excesses of
  Romanticism and Neoclassicism.
• John Singleton Copley, Francisco de Goya, Camille
  Corot, and Francois Millet.

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Jean-Francois Millet

• The Gleaners,

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Thomas Eakins
surgery
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Camille Corot
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John Singleton Copley
Brook Watson and the Shark
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Francisco de Goya
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Impressionism

• Impressionism is a light, spontaneous manner of
  painting which began in France as a reaction
  against the restrictions and conventions of the
  dominant Academic Art. Its naturalistic and
  down-to-earth treatment of its subject matter,
  most commonly landscapes, has its roots in the
  French Realism of Corot and others.The
  movement's name was derived from Monet's early
  work, Impression Sunrise, which was singled out
  for criticism by Louis Leroy upon its
  exhibition.The hallmark of the style is the
  attempt to capture the subjective impression of
  light in a scene.

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Edgar Degas
The Ballet Lesson
Miss Lala at the Circus
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Claude Monet
Weeping Willow
Rouen Cathedral
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Pierre Auguste Renoir
Luncheon of the Boating Party
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Mary Cassatt
Most famous American Impressionist, known for
images of mothers, children, and family life.
The Boating Party
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Post-Impressionism

• Post-Impressionism is an umbrella term that
  encompasses a variety of artists who were
  influenced by Impressionism but took their art in
  other directions.There is no single
  well-defined style of Post-Impressionism, but in
  general it is less idyllic and more emotionally
  charged than Impressionist work.The classic
  Post-Impressionists are Paul Gaugin, Paul
  Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh, Henri Rousseau, and
  Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. The Pointillists are
  also generally included

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Paul Cezanne

• Still Life with Curtain

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Vincent Van Gogh
The Starry Night
Cornfield with Cypresses
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Henri Rousseau
The Sleeping Gypsy
Woman Walking in an Exotic Forest
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Henri de Toulouse Lautrec
At the Moulin Rouge
La Goule
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Paul Gauguin
Tahitian Women on the Beach
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Seccessionists/Art Nouveau

• was an art association founded by Berlin artists
  in 1889 as an alternative to the conservative
  state-run Association of Berlin Artists.
• Led to significant developments in
  German/Austrian art

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Gustave Klimt
Use of gold leaf and collage elements Classical
myth, drama
From the Beethoven Frieze

• The Kiss

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Alphonse Mucha

• Elaborate decorative patterns
• Influential advertising art

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Kathe Kollwitz
German, anti war imagery
Hunger
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Max Beckman
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Fauvism

• Fauvism grew out of Pointillism and
  Post-Impressionism, but is characterized by a
  more primitive and less naturalistic form of
  expression. Paul Gaugins style and his use of
  color were especially strong influences.The
  artists most closely associated with Fauvism are
  Andre Derain and Henri Matisse.Fauvism was a
  short-lived movement, but was a substantial
  influence on some of the Expressionists.

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Andre Derain
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Henri Matisse
The Dance
Woman in a Purple Coat
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Regionalism

• An American term, Regionalism refers to the work
  of a number of rural artists, mostly from the
  Midwest, who became famous in the 1930s.
• Not being part of a coordinated movement,
  Regionalist artists often had unique style or
  point of view. What they shared, among themselves
  and among other American Scene painters, was a
  humble, anti-modernist style and a desire to
  depict everyday life. However their rural
  conservatism tended to put them at odds with the
  urban and leftist Social Realists of the same
  era.The three best-known regionalists were John
  Steuart Curry, Thomas Hart Benton and Grant Wood,
  the painter of the best-known and one of the
  greatest works of American art, American Gothic.

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Thomas Hart Benton
The Cotton Pickers
First Crop
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Grant Wood
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere
American Gothic
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Cubism

• Developed between about 1908 and 1912 in a
  collaboration between Georges Braque and Pablo
  Picasso. Their main influences are said to have
  been Tribal Art (although Braque later disputed
  this) and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement
  itself was not long-lived or widespread, but it
  began an immense creative explosion which
  resonated through all of 20th century art.
• The key concept underlying Cubism is that the
  essence of an object can only be captured by
  showing it from multiple points of view
  simultaneously.

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Pablo Picasso
Guernica
Three Musicians
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Georges Braque
Woman with a Guitar
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Expressionism

• Expressionism is a style in which the intention
  is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but
  instead to portray it in such a way as to express
  the inner state of the artist. The movement is
  especially associated with Germany, and was
  influenced by such emotionally-charged styles as
  Symbolism, Fauvism, and Cubism.
• There are several different and somewhat
  overlapping groups of Expressionist artists,
  including Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider"),
  Die Brücke ("The Bridge"), Die Neue Sachlichkeit
  ("The New Objectivity") and the Bauhaus School.
• Leading Expressionists included Wassily
  Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George Grosz and Amadeo
  Modigliani.

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Edvard Munch
Vivid and emotional work, exploring themes of
life, love, fear, death and melancholy
Ashes

• The Scream, from the Frieze of Life

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Amadeo Modigliani
Head
Portrait of Woman in Hat
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Wassily Kandinsky
Composition VII
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Dada

• protest by a group of European artists against
  World War I, bourgeois society, and the
  conservativism of traditional thought.
• followers used absurdities and non sequiturs to
  create artworks and performances which defied any
  intellectual analysis. They also included random
  "found" objects in sculptures and installations.
• The founders included the French artists Jean Arp
  and Marcel Duchamp.

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Jean Arp
-sculptor, painter, poet, and abstract artist in
media such as torn paper.
Makenspeil
Cloud Shepherd
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Marcel Duchamp
Made use of ready mades to create controversial
art that was rejected by his own rebellious group
L.H.O.O.Q
Fountain
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Surrealism

• Surrealism is a style in which fantastical visual
  imagery from the subconscious mind is used with
  no intention of making the work logically
  comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in 1924,
  it was a primarily European movement that
  attracted many members of the chaotic Dada
  movement. It was similar in some elements to the
  mystical 19th-century Symbolist movement, but was
  deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic work of
  Freud and Jung.
• The Surrealist circle was made up of many of the
  great artists of the 20th century, including Max
  Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, Jean Arp, Man Ray,
  Joan Miro, and Rene Magritte. Salvador Dali,
  probably the single best-known Surrealist artist,
  broke with the group due to his right-wing
  politics (during this period leftism was the
  fashion among Surrealists, and in fact in almost
  all intellectual circles).

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Harlem Renaissance

• African-American social thought that was
  expressed through the visual arts, as well as
  through music centered in the Harlem district of
  New York City, The intellectual and social
  freedom of the era attracted many Black Americans
  from the rural south to the industrial centers of
  the north - and especially to New York
  City.Artists at the core of the Harlem
  Renaissance movement included William H. Johnson,
  Lois Mailou Jones and the sculptor and printmaker
  Sargent Claude Johnson. Other prominent artists
  associated with the Harlem Renaissance included
  Jacob Lawrence, Archibald Motley and Romare
  Bearden.

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Romare Bearden
Famous for unique collages that identify the
African American experience.
Three Musicians
The Calabash, mixed media
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Jacob Lawrence
Referred to his work as dynamic cubism, but said
that his influence came from was the colors and
shapes of Harlem, not France. Famous for
depicting the social history of African
Americans.
Supermarket
The Builders
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Abstract Expressionism

• Abstract Expressionism is a type of art in which
  the artist expresses himself purely through the
  use of form and color. It non-representational,
  or non-objective, art, which means that there are
  no actual objects represented.  Now considered
  to be the first American artistic movement of
  international importance, the term was originally
  used to describe the work of Willem de Kooning,
  Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky.The movement
  can be more or less divided into two groups
  Action Painting, typified by artists such as
  Pollock, de Kooning, Franz Kline, and Philip
  Guston, stressed the physical action involved in
  painting Color Field Painting, practiced by Mark
  Rothko and Kenneth Noland, among others, was
  primarily concerned with exploring the effects of
  pure color on a canvas.

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Willem De Kooning
Famous for aggressive abstracted figures and
complex layered images
Woman V
Excavation
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Jackson Pollock

• Abstact expressionist known for Action Painting
  and helping to launch the Abstract Expressionist
  movement.
• Influenced by emotional struggles, alcoholism,
  and desire to be accepted as an artist.

No. 5
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Mark Rothko
Work is called color field painting and is
classified as an abstract expressionist, although
he rejected not only the label but even being
called an abstract painter.
Orange and Yellow
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Pop Art

• explores the everyday imagery that is a part of
  contemporary consumer culture.
• Common sources of imagery include advertisements,
  consumer product packaging, celebrity
  photographs, and comic strips.Leading Pop
  artists include Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg,
  and Roy Lichtenstein.

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Robert Rauschenberg
Famous for combine paintings Began an artistic
revolution that redefined what art is.
Monogram
Bed
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Jasper Johns
Became famous for appropriating popular imagery
into his paintings Worked with Rauschenberg to
redefine the art world
Map, 1961
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Andy Warhol
-Was a successful commercial artist before
becoming a famous Pop Artist, and was an
avant-garde filmmaker, author, and public figure
famous for belonging to bizarre social
circles. - 15 minutes of fame quote
Campbells Soup
Marilyn
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20th Century/Contemporary

• These artists do not fit into one specific group
  or style, but are listed here as 20th century
  Post-Modern artists.

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Georgia OKeefe
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Edward Hopper
Nighthawks
New York Movie
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Chuck Close
Uses the grid process to produce HUGE works,
ranging from photo-realistic to nearly abstract
looking work.
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Your Task

• Choose 3 artists from different art movements
  that inspire you
• Learn about the life and work of the artists, and
  choose one artist/movement to study in depth.
• Prepare a presentation piece to share this artist
  and his/her work with the class
• Create a piece of artwork in response to one of
  the artists.
• Your own work in the artists style or using
  similar imagery
• An homage to the artist, responding to his/her
  life or artwork.

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Student Response to Jean Arp
Student work Amphora
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Work by OKeefe
Student Work, inspired by Georgia OKeefe