Scada (Supervis Control and Data Acquisition)

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Process Dynamics and Control
Department of Chemical Engineering University of
Engineering And Technology, Lahore
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Presented to
Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan
Presented by
A.N.Tabish 2009-MS-Chem-25
S. Zaheer Abbas 2009-MS-Chem-69
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Contents

1. Fundamentals of Control
2. Introduction of SCADA
3. Applications of SCADA
4. SCADA Architectures
5. Components of SCADA System
6. How SCADA System Works?
7. Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC and smart
   instrument
8. Security and Vulnerability of SCADA Systems
9. Conclusion

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Fundamentals of Control
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Fundamentals of Control

• Control Components
• Control Server
• SCADA Server or Master Terminal Unit (MTU)
• Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
• Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
• Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)
• Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
• Data Historian
• Input/Output (IO) Server

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Fundamentals of Control

• Control Components
• Fieldbus Network
• Control Network
• Communications Routers
• Firewall
• Modems
• Remote Access Points

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Fundamentals of Control
Analog Control
Analog control system block diagram
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Fundamentals of Control
Discrete Control
Discrete control system block diagram
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Introduction to SCADA

• Acronym stands for Supervisory Control and Data
  Acquisition
• Not a full control system, but rather focuses on
  the supervisory level
• Purely software package that is positioned on top
  of hardware
• Combination of telemetry and data acquisition to
  which it is interfaced, generally via (PLCs) or
  (DCS)
• Collecting of the information, transferring it
  back to the central site, carrying out any
  necessary analysis and control and then
  displaying that information on a number of
  operator screens or displays control actions are
  then conveyed back to the process.

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Introduction to SCADA
Typical Schematic of Sensors to panel system
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Introduction to SCADA
PC to PLC or DCS with fieldbus and sensor
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Introduction to SCADA
PC to IED using a fieldbus
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Introduction to SCADA
SCADA systems are designed to collect field
information, transfer it to a central computer
facility, and display the information to the
operator graphically or textually, thereby
allowing the operator to monitor or control an
entire system from a central location in real
time.
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Introduction to SCADA
All together, the term SCADA refers to the entire
central system. The central system usually
monitors data from various sensors that are
either in close proximity or off site.
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Applications of SCADA

• Electric power generation, transmission and
  distribution
• Water and sewage
• Buildings, facilities and environments
• Manufacturing
• Mass transit
• Traffic signals

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SCADA Architecture

• Three generations of SCADA systems
• First Generation Monolithic
• Second Generation Distributed
• Third Generation Networked

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SCADA Architecture
Monolithic SCADA Systems
First Generation of SCADA Architecture
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SCADA Architecture
Distributed SCADA Systems
Second Generation of SCADA Architecture
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SCADA Architecture
Networked SCADA Systems
Third Generation of SCADA Architecture
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Components of SCADA System
1. SCADA Hardware

• SCADA system involves essentially five levels or
  hierarchies
• Field level instrumentation and control devices
• Marshalling terminals and RTUs
• Communications system
• The master station(s)
• The commercial data processing department
  computer system

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TYPICAL SCADA SYSTEM
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Components of SCADA System
2. SCADA Software

• SCADA may be classified as
• Propriety
• Companies develop proprietary software to
  communicate to their hardware.
• Open
• They have high interoperability to mix different
  manufacturers equipment on the same system.

Key features of SCADA software
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How SCADA Works

• A SCADA system performs four functions
• Data acquisition
• Networked data communication
• Data presentation
• Control

These functions are performed by four kinds of
SCADA Components

1. Sensors and control relays
2. Remote telemetry units (RTUs)
3. SCADA master units
4. Communications network

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Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC Smart Instrument
SCADA System
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Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC Smart Instrument
Considerations and benefits of SCADA system

• Overall control requirements
• Sequence logic
• Analog loop control
• Ratio and number of analog to digital points
• Speed of control and data acquisition
• Master/operator control stations
• Reliability/availability
• Speed of communications/update time/system scan
  rates
• System redundancy
• Expansion capability

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Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC Smart Instrument
Distributed Control System (DCS)
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Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC Smart Instrument
Programmable Logic Controller System (PLCs)
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Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC Smart Instrument
PLCs are used in both SCADA and DCS systems as
the control components of an overall hierarchical
system to provide local management of processes
through feedback control.
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Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC Smart Instrument
Smart Instrument
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Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC Smart Instrument

• Obviously, a SCADA systems initial cost has to
  be justified. A few typical reasons for
  implementing a SCADA system are
• Improved operation of the plant or process
  resulting in savings due to optimization of the
  system
• Increased productivity of the personnel
• Improved safety of the system due to better
  information and improved control
• Improved energy savings due to optimization of
  the plant
• Improved and quicker receipt of data so that
  clients can be invoiced more quickly and
  accurately

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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System

• Threats to SCADA Systems
• Criminal groups
• Foreign intelligence services
• Insiders
• Phishers
• Spammers
• Spyware/malware authors

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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System
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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System
Industrial Security Incidents by Year
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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System
Potential Consequences of Security Incidents

1. Physical Impacts.
2. Economic Impacts.
3. Social Impacts.

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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System
Relationship Between Corporate and SCADA Network
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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System
Firewall between Corporate Network and Control
Network
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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System
Firewall and Router between Corporate Network and
Control Network
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Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System
Developing SCADA Security Strategies

• Border Router and Firewalls
• Proxy Servers
• Operating Systems
• SCADA Firewalls
• SCADA Internal Network Design
• SCADA Server Operating Systems
• Firewall between Corporate Network and Control
  Network

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References

1. David Bailey and Edwin Wright (2003), Practical
   SCADA for Industry, Elsevier. Inc
2. Ken Barnes, Briam Johnson and Reva Nickelson,
   Review of Supervisory Control and Data
   Acquisition (SCADA) Systems January 2004, Idaho
   National Engineering and Environmental
   Laboratory.
3. M.Lakshmi Prasanna and A.Gayatri A Technical
   Paper on SCADA Technology Sri Sai Institute of
   Technology.
4. Technical Information Bulletin 04-1 Supervisory
   Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems
   October 2004, Communication Technologies, Inc.
5. Technical Manual on Spervisory Control and Data
   Acquisition (SCADA) Systems for Command, Control,
   Communications, Computer, Intelligence,
   Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4isr)
   Facilities Headquarters, Department of the Army,
   Washington, Dc, January 2006