AHU1A1 PPT #1

1
The Shot Heard Around the World

• AHU1 Presentation 1
• Taxation without representation
• Who fought the war?
• Why was it said to be heard around the world?
• Magna Carta and Parliament

2
Seven Years War
French and Indian War

• AKA - __________________
• The early period of the war saw localized action
  in North America and began with
  __________________ loss at Fort Necessity.
• A middle phase began with the declaration of war
  between ________and________, and touched off the
  first true world war also known to the British as
  the Seven Years War.
• A final phase was highlighted by the British
  decision to concentrate on the North American
  phase of the conflict to protect their new
  interests and natural resources.

George Washington's
France
Britain
The investment of huge sums of money and
innovative new military talent helped to provide
the margin of victory for the Brits, but led to
unexpected consequences that would become
overwhelming.
3
Taxation Without Representation

• Colonies began to grow and expand rapidly after
  the war.
• This rapid rate of growth gave the Brits even
  worse problems. To help with the growth problem
  the government had to begin to

• War Debt
• To help fund the expense of the war the British
  government enacted the __________in 1765.

Stamp Act
Restrict where the colonists could settle.
4
Americans Natural Rights

• The settlement restrictions and taxes were not
  unreasonable requests, but still the colonists
  resented it. Why? ______________________.

They were not consented

• The taxes and restrictions meant some of the
  colonists would lose money (property rights) and
  freedoms (liberty).
• ________ called these sorts of rights
  __________and categorized them into (Life,
  liberty, and property )

John Locke
natural rights
5
John Lockes Natural Rights

• John Locke (1632-1704) An _______ political
  philosopher who based his philosophy on the idea
  of an imaginary situation called ________________
  or a circumstance in which there is no government
  or rule
• Modern Day examples

English
a state of nature

• Lord of the Flies

• United Nations

• International Laws, ex. International Atomic
  Energy Agency or IAEA

6
Inalienable Rights

• Lockes version of Human Nature
• According to John Locke, God created man so we
  are, in effect, Gods property

If Gods purpose for me on earth is my survival
and that of my species, and the means to that
survival are my life, health, liberty and
property then clearly I dont want anyone to
violate my rights to these things. Equally,
considering other people, who are my natural
equals, I should conclude that I should not
violate their inalienable rights to life,
liberty, health and property. - John Locke
Lockes philosophy and his philosophical
discoveries are often said to be the foundation
that our government is built on. Inalienable
Rights can not be taken or bartered/traded away!
7
Inevitable Chaos Without A Democracy

• John Locke believed that ALL people had three
  common needs __________________________.
• He called them Natural Rights. We call them,
  inalienable, unalienable rights or more commonly
  ______________________.
• He believed that people were born good, but had a
  tendency to become corrupted by ______.
• Governments controlled by the few would always
  fail because they would make laws that would
  first protect them and theirs.
• He believed people were basically reasonable, but
  could be strongly influenced by
  __________________ and this would eventually lead
  to an overthrow by the forgotten.
• He believed a government would only be legitimate
  and stable if the people who are governed
  _______________to be ruled by it.

Life, Liberty, Health, Property
Civil Rights/Human Rights
Power
personal self-interest
give their consent
8
Sons of Liberty

• A group of American colonists who resented the
  regulation by King George the most called
  themselves the______________. They and the other
  Founders believed in Lockes Natural Rights
  Philosophy.

Sons of Liberty
Sam Adams John Hancock helped to organize the
revolutionary rebels and worked to foment revolt
that led to the riots and protests that brought
on more restrictions, eventually leading to
the_________________.
Revolutionary War
9
Boston Massacre

• In 1770 a snowball fight between the colonists
  and _____________ resulted in 5 people dying.
• Legal proceedings led to the acquittal of the
  British Soldiers a risky legal victory for John
  Adams the British soldiers lawyer
• The trial and the withdrawal of British troops
  after this event led to a lessening of tensions,
  for a while, but three years later Britain
  reenacted a tax called the________.

British soldiers
John Adams was the cousin of Sam Adams and his
leadership was later recognized by the citizens
of the United States by
Electing him our 2nd President
Tea Act
10
Boston Tea Party

• In 1773 a protest led by ___________and the Sons
  of Liberty showed their resentment over the Tea
  Act and other measures took by the British.
• A law made it unprofitable for merchants to buy
  their tea from anyone but the______.

Sam Adams
British
Samuel Adams, and other Sons of Liberty dumped
tons of tea overboard the East India Tea
Companys ship.
11
Intolerable Acts

• After the Boston Tea Party the British government
  responded by enacting the Intolerable Acts or the
  ______________ these acts striped the colonists
  of the little power they had by granting more to
  the ______________ who was answerable to the
  ____________.

Coercive Acts
royal governor
Once again the colony of Massachusetts was
occupied by British Troops and the Sons of
Liberty greatly resented this.
King George III
12
First Continental Congress

• The Rebel Response
• Twelve of the thirteen state assemblies known as
  the _________________ in some joined together in
  1774 to send representatives to ____________ to
  decide on the best response to the British
  actions for imposing these intolerable acts

House of Burgesses
Philadelphia
This new unsanctioned assembly was called the
First Continental Congress.
13
Shot Heard Around the World

• Shot Heard Around the World rang out on April
  19, 1775 and started the Revolutionary War at
  __________. Where the British soldiers and the
  ___________ clashed for the first time.
• ___________ went down in history as the man who
  rode through the countryside warning people that
  the British were coming.

Lexington
Minutemen
Paul Revere
The shot was heard around the world because the
actions of the colonists were so grave and had
implications all over the world. Why?
14
Second Continental Congress

• The people where basically done with the talking
  and wanted action. ____________was chosen as
  Commander and Chief and Navy was commissioned.
• The pamphlet called ________________was
  circulated in January of 1776. Soon after the
  patriots realized there was no way to solve their
  problems peacefully

Washington
Common Sense
Society in every state is a blessing, but
Government, even in its best state, is a
necessary evil in its worst state, an
intolerable one. Thomas Paine
15
Declaration of Independence Our First Failed
Constitution

• During the Continental Congress in 1776
  ______________led the draft of the Declaration of
  Independence.
• The Declaration of Independence accused the King
  of England,____________, of several violations,
  some of which found their way into the U.S.
  Constitution under the Bill of Rights.
• Jefferson believed this list of violations
  justified their actions to his fellow __________,
  ______________________, __________________________
  __.
• Also during these meetings the Continental
  Congress began work on the _____________________,
  our first failed constitution.
• The first constitution renounced the Brits power
  over the colonists and declared the colonies
  independent. The document identified sovereignty
  with the ________ not with the ______________ as
  did the British.
• It failed because the power they did relinquish
  was given to the disorganized states instead of a
  strong Federal Government.

Thomas Jefferson
King George
Americans
The King Parliament
and the rest of the world/Allies
Articles of Confederation
people
Parliament/king
16
When in the Course of Human Events

• We hold these Truths to be self-evident that all
  Men are created equal, that they are endowed by
  their Creator with certain _________________,
  that among these are Life, Liberty, and the
  Pursuit of Happiness - That to secure these
  Rights Governments are instituted among Men,
  deriving their just Powers from the __________of
  the governed, that whenever any Form of
  Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it
  is the Right of the People to ________________
  it, and to institute new Government

unalienable Rights
Consent
alter or to abolish
Declaration of Independence, 1776
17
The Revolutionary War

• Washington led a surprise attack across the
  Delaware River into New Jersey on Christmas
  night, December 25, 1776 it is popularly known as
  the ________________.
• His forces won victories against German troops
  called_________, at Trenton and then moved on
  against British regulars at the Battle of
  Princeton.

The Crossing
Hessians
These were minor triumphs but they had a
startling effect on American_______ , which
improved dramatically and changed the coarse of
the war.
morale
18
Yorktown

• Yorktown was the definitive battle of the 8 year
  Revolutionary War.
• __________________ led the American Troops.
• ________________ surrendered his huge army to the
  American and French allies on October 19, 1781.
• Treaty of Paris was signed by all parties on
  September 3, 1783 officially ending the war.

George Washington
Lord Cornwallis
Marquis de Lafayette gained a prominent place in
the war's list of heroes with his actions that
helped to finally corner the British forces.
19
The United States of America

• Magna Carta and Parliament
• Declaration of Independence
• Articles of Confederation
• The Constitution
• The Bill of Rights
• Rule of Law
• Freedom to Act over freedom from want.