THE COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT

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INTRODUCTION TO ISAS

• Information search and analysis skill(ISAS)
  seminar is to gather information, analyze
  present.
• Does not involve conventional way of teaching.
• Emphasis is shifted from teacher-oriented to
  student-oriented methods.
• Information are gathered from various sources.

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• Aims
• To develop search skills
• To impart skills on
• reading,
• cross references,
• abstracting,
• summarizing
• presenting conclusions.

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• Sources

Books
Internet
Magazines

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INTRODUCING COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT
BY ARUNAKSHI DATTA NIIT, AGARTALA
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SYSTEM UNIT

• The system unit is a box-like unit.
• Contains number of useful components.
• Each components has its own discrete function.
• All components work to accomplish main function
  of computer.
• Sometimes called the chassis

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COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT

• Internal power supply
• Exhaust fan
• Speaker
• Motherboard
• Chipset
• Microprocessor
• Clock chip
• Memory-RAM ROM
• Bus
• Ports
• Expansion slot

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Internal Power Supply

• Component of system unit.
• Converts AC input to DC output of 5-10 volt.
• Also called Switched Mode Power Supply(SMPS).
• Provides cable connectors to supply the required
  voltage to the other internal components like
• the floppy drives,
• the hard disk drive,
• the motherboard
• external device such as the keyboard.

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EXHAUST FAN

• The SMPS has a small fan, called the exhaust fan.
• The exhaust fan rotates as long as the computer
  is switched on.
• Functions to cool the SMPS.

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SPEAKER

• System unit has a audio speaker.
• It is connect to motherboard.
• Produces sound whenever instructed by software
  programs.
• Example when the machine starts, a self-test
  program is executed that uses beep to indicate
  that everything is working satisfactorily.
• Also used by entertainment programs to produce
  sound effects.

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MOTHERBOARD

• It is a large board present in a system unit.
• Contain a number of tiny electronic circuits
  other components.
• All peripheral devices are connected to the
  motherboard.
• It is also called system board.

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COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD

• Chipset
• A group of integrated circuits, or chips,
  designed to work together.
• Connects the motherboard components.
• Controls the system its capabilities.
• All components communicate with the processor
  through chipset, also called hub of all data
  transfer.
• Upgradeable only with a new motherboard.
• Determines the speed of motherboard.

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Processor
Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
InformationDataInformation

• Microprocessor
• A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the
  functions of a computer's central processing unit
  (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC, or
  microchip).
• Entire design of PC is base on the
  microprocessor.
• Hence CPU is often called processor.
• It contains CU, ALU. These component work
  together to perform processing.

Memory
Information
OutputDevices
InputDevices
Data
InformationDataInformation
StorageDevices
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• Operation of CPU comprises of a Machine Cycle.

Step 1. Fetch Obtain program instruction or
data item from memory
Step 2. Decode Translate instruction into
commands
Step 4. Store Write result to memory
Step 3. Execute Carry out command
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• Other functions
• Can move data from one memory location to
  another.
• Can make decisions jump to new set of
  instructions.
• Capacity of microprocessor is measured in terms
  of bits it can send or receive process
  internally.

• Some of the microprocessor introduced from time
  to time are
• The Pentium (1993).
• The Pentium II (1997).
• The Pentium III(1999).
• The Pentium IV(2000), the fastest of among all
  four.

Pentium family
Itanium or Xeon
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• Clock chip
• It provides the timing signal.
• Signal is provided in the form of electronic
  pulses.
• The chip generates a regular beat the
  operations of the computer are timed to this
  beat.
• Unit MHz(Mega Hertz) MIPS(Million Instructions
  Per Seconds).
• It is like baton held in an orchestra by the
  conductor.

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• Memory
• Two types
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Memory used by computer to store data while
  working on the system.
• It functions as scratch pad.
• Characteristic
• Data can be read/modified.
• Contents are lost when computer is switched of.
  Hence, it is volatile.
• Capacity depends on chip installed.
• Types
• Double Data Rate (DDR), Rambus Dynamic
  RAM(RDRAM),Synchronous Dynamic RAM(SDRAM)
  Dynamic Ram(DRAM).

RAM CHIP
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• ROM (Read Only Memory)
• It contains permanently recorded instructions,
  vital for starting up a computer.
• One set of instruction found in ROM is called the
  ROM-BIOS(Read Only Memory Basic Input-Output
  Services).
• It is non-volatile.

ROM CHIP
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• Bus
• It is a set of wire.
• Used to communicate between microprocessor
  memory chip other chip.
• Data bus bus with 8 wires carrying data.
• Address bus bus carrying address.

BUS
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• Ports
• These are inlets outlets of microprocessor.
• Port connects external devices to system unit.
• Types
• Serial ports
• Parallel ports
• USB ports
• Audio ports
• Infrared ports

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Serial ports
Parallel ports

• Transmits one bit of data at a time.
• Connects slow-speed devices, such as mouse.

• Transmits more than one bit data at a time.
• Uses devices like printer.

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EXPANSION SLOTS

• A set of sockets in the motherboard.
• Help to attach extra input/output devices.
• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically
  configures cardsand other devices.

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CONCLUSION

• System unit is the HEART of the computer.

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WITHOUT SYSTEM UNIT

COMPUTER
EMPTY BOX

SYSTEM UNIT
EMPTY BOX

SATISFACTORILY WORKING COMPUTER
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REFERENCES

• Book
• FOUNDATION SEMESTER VOL I (NIIT)
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• Internet
•  
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.cs.gsu.edu/csclxh/csc1010/Outline04.doc
• www.slideshare.net/.../chapter-4-the-components-of
  -the-system-unit
• www.coolnerds.com
• www.webtechpoint.com
• www.nanomc.com

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HEARTFELT THANKS
Ms POULOMI DAS(Lecturer) Ms
JOYSREE ROY Ms BHARATI RABIDAS(Team
members)
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