REBT

1
(No Transcript)
2
Cognitive behaviour therapy

• The term cognitive-behaviour reflects the
  importance of both behaviour and cognitive
  approaches to understanding and helping human
  beings.
• Cognitive-behaviou is the hybrid of behaviour
  strategies and cognitive processes, with the goal
  of achieving behaviour and cognitive change.
• The outcomes of the treatment are based on
  cognitive , behaviour and emotional changes.

3

• For cognitive theorists, humans r thinking beings
  with the capacity to be rational or
  irrational,erroneous or realistic,in their
  thinking.
• Cognitive therapy is based on the common sensical
  idea that what people think and say about
  themselves- their attitudes, ideas,and ideals r
  relevant and important.
• Albert Ellis- known as grand father of cognitive
  behavioural therapy and founder of rational
  emotive therapy,currently known as rational
  emotive behavioural therapy.

4
Biography

• Ellis was born in pittsburgh in 1913.
• He spent most of his life in Newyork city.
• Graduation from columbia university, he started
  intensive psychoanalytic training.
• Although he had reservations about Freuds theory
  of personality,Ellis retained his belief in the
  efficacy of psychoanalytic techniques and spent
  2 years in intense analysis.
• At the conclusion of his therapy,he worked under
  supervision with his own clients and practiced
  orthodox psychoanalysis.

5
(No Transcript)
6

• He came up with REBT by the end of 1954 and
  started practicing it in january 1955.
• It was first called rational therapy then
  rational emotive therapy and is now known as
  rational emotive behaviour therapy.
• As a therapist,Ellis sees his goal as solving
  personal and social problems.
• It was the first cognitive behavioural therapy to
  be introduced into clinical practice.
• It has been applied successfully to individual ,
  group,marital and family therapy for a wide array
  of problems.

7

• The main tenets of the theory were first
  published in Elliss Reason and Emotion in
  Psychotherapy(1962).
• He has established two non profit institutes to
  promote RET the Institute for rational living,a
  scientific and educational foundation established
  in 1959 and the institute for rational emotive
  therapy an institution for professional training
  and clinical services established in 1968.
• He has produced over 500 articles,some 50 books,
  and numerous films and tapes.

8

• One of the most controversial figures in modern
  psychology and has received many awards,including
  Distinguished Psychologist,Scientific researcher
  and Distinguished Psychological Practitioner from
  various associations.

9
Rational emotive behaviour therapy

• It is based on the assumption that people have
  the capacity to act in either a rational or
  irrational manner.
• Rational behaviour is viewed as effective and
  potentially productive, whereas irrational
  behaviour results in unhappiness and
  nonproductivity.
• Ellis assumes that many types of emotional
  problems result from irrational patterns of
  thinking.

10

• It is not the events in the peoples lives that
  create bad feelings but how they think about
  those events.
• Egsuppose a person is ignored at a party by
  someone he or she thinks is attractive.such an
  event might be unpleasant for almost anyone,but
  it becomes a problem,according to rational
  emotive therapy,when the ignored individual
  catastrophizes about the event.the individual may
  have such irrational thoughts as I cant stand
  being ignored .If the person simply thinks its
  too bad that person ignored me and I have to
  spend sometime with him or her.
• Only the repeated thinking and actions will
  extinguish the irrational beliefs.

11

• The main propositions of REBT can be described as
  follows
• People r born with a potential to be
  rational(self constructive) as well as irrational
  (self defeating).
• Peoples tendency to irrational thinking,self
  damaging habituations,wishful thinking, and
  intolerance is frequently exacerbated by their
  culture and their family group.
• Human percieve,think ,emote and behave
  simultaneously.
• Although all the major psychotherapies employ a
  variety of cognitive,emotive, and behavioural
  techniques, and although all may help individuals
  who have faith in them,they are probably not
  equally effective or efficient.

12

• Rational emotive behaviour therapists do not
  believe a warm relationship between client and
  counsellor is a necessary or sufficient condition
  for effective personality change,though it is
  desirable.
• The therapy use role playing,assertion
  training,desensitization,humour,operant
  conditioning,suggestion,support,and whole bag of
  other tricks.
• REBT holds that most neurotic problems involve
  unrealistic, illogical,self defeating thinking
  and that if disturbance creating ideas are
  vigourosly disputed by logico empirecal and
  pragmatic thinking ,they can be minimized.

13

• REBT shows how activating events or
  adversities(A) in peoples lives contribute to
  but do not directly cause emotional
  consequences(C) these consequences stemfrom
  peoples interpretations of these events their
  unrealistic and overgeneralized beliefs (B) about
  them.

14

• View of Human Nature
• REBT is based on the assumption that humans have
  a biological tendency to think irrationally or
  dysfunctionally, as well as rationally or
  functionally.
• They also have the tendency to construct self
  enhancing thoughts,feelings, and behaviour and r
  strongly motivated to change things for the
  better.
• Along with our social upbringing,not only impels
  us to create happier and more fulfilling
  lives,but also encourages us to elevate strong
  goals,desires and preferences into absolutistic
  and unrealistic shoulds,oughts, and musts that
  lead to emotional and behavioural difficulties.

15

• Dryden and neenan( 2003) noted that these shoulds
  ,oughts and musts fall under 3 main categories
• Self demandingness
• Other demandingness
• World demandingness

16
Major constructsBasic tenets

• Devoloping a rational philosophy of life is a
  major construct of REBT.
• A rational philosophy is designed to help people
  increase their happiness and decrease emotional
  distress.
• Dryden(1992) noted that purpose of a rational
  philosophy is to identify beliefs that lead to
  survival,satisfaction with living,postive ways of
  relating to others,intimate involvement with a
  few others, and personally fulfilling endeavors.

17

• According to REBT certain values promote
  emotional adjustment and mental health.the values
  r the following
• Self acceptance
• Risk taking
• Nonutopian
• High frustration tolerance
• Self responsibility
• Self interest
• Social interest
• Self direction

18

• Tolerance
• Flexibility
• Acceptance of uncertainity
• commitment

19
Theorotical assumptions

• like most generic cognitive-behavioural
  therapies, REBT ascribes to the notion that
  cognitions or beliefs cause emotions and
  behaviour and REBT theorists stress the
  interconnectedness of thinking,feeling and
  behaving.
• Because most people think ,act,and feel
  simultaneously, it is logical that what people
  think affects how they feel.
• Emotional distress results from dysfunctional
  thought processes such as overgeneralization,
  illogic,faulty dedections,
• Absolutistic rigid schemas and unvalidated
  assumptions.

20

• Therefore the best to reduce emotional distress
  is to change the way people think.
• Ellis and Dryden (1997) identified 5 major
  theorotical concepts
• Goals ,purposes and rationality
• A humanistic emphasis
• The interaction of psychological processes and
  the place of cognition
• Basic biological tendencies
• Fundamental human disturbances.

21

• Goals of counseling and psychotherapy
• Process of change
• The therapeutic relationship

22
THE A-B-C model
23
11 irrational beliefs

• I believe I must be loved or approved of by
  virtually everyone with I come in contact.
• I believe I should be perfectly competent
  ,adequate and achieving to be considered.
• Some people r bad, wicked or villanious and
  therefore should be blamed and punished.
• It is a terrible catastrophe when things r not as
  I would want them to be.
• Unhappiness is caused by circumstances that r out
  of my ctrl.

24

• It is easier to avoid certain difficullties and
  ressponsibilities than it is to face them.
• I should be dependent to some xtnt on other
  persons and should have some person on whom I can
  rely to take care of me.
• Past experiences and events r what determine my
  present behaviour the influence of the past
  cannot ever be erased.
• I should be quite upset over other peoples
  problems and disturbances.

25
Interventions

• Cognitive
• Emotive
• Behavioral

26
THANK YOU