Women and Poverty Reduction

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Women and Poverty Reduction Mme. Cui
Yu Director General, Womens Development
Department All-China Womens Federation
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???????,???????????,???????????? Alleviation and
eradication of poverty and the attainment of
common prosperity are the unremittent goals of
Chinese Government.
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????????????????,??????????????,???????????? It
is an important task for womens federations to
address the shortage of food and clothing for
women and children in poor areas, and to promote
efforts in supporting them.
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??????????????
???????
encouraging women in rural areas to acquire
literacy and learn practical life skills, and to
compete with each other for development and
achievements
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??????????????? 1994??8000????2006???
2148?,???5852?
Chinas population living in poverty dominated
by women has reduced by 58,520,000, from
80,000,000 in 1994 to 21,480,000 in 2006 .
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??????????? ???????????? 1. China
formulates preferential laws and policies to help
poor women out of poverty
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????????(20012010?)???????????????????????????
????,????????? It was stipulated in the
Development Program for Women in China
(2001-2010) that womens equal opportunities of
employment and equal right to economic resources
should be guaranteed to raise their economic
status.
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????????,?????????????????????????? The
specific goal was set in the chapter of women and
economic development to alleviate poverty of
women and reduce the number of poor women.
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?????????????,??????????? Policies and measures
for poor women should be made to increase womens
income.
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????????????????????? Surplus women labor force
should be led and supported to transfer to
non-agricultural sectors.
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????????????????,???????????? To enhance
research on and guidance over the issues of
migrant workers, the government set up a joint
meeting to deal with issues related to migrant
workers.
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????????????,?????????,?????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????,??????
???????,????????????? As one of the member
agencies, All-China Womens Federation was
commissioned with six major functions, namely,
protecting the legitimate rights of women workers
and minor workers, managing the transfer
employment of women farmers, gathering surplus
women labor force in rural areas into training,
establishing basis to export and receive rural
women workers, gearing up community-based women
federations to serve them, and advocating for a
favorable climate to care about them.
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?????????,????????????????,???????????????????40
In the principle of preference under equal
conditions, poor women should be actively
supported to take part in the execution of
poverty reduction projects and their ratio to the
total participants should be no less than 40.
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???????????????????????????,???????????????????
The Law of the People's Republic of China on
Land Contract in Rural Areas was rolled out to
include gender equality as a basic principle,
stipulating that women enjoy the same contract
right as men .
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?????????????,?????????? 2. With government
support, womens organizations are helping poor
women out of poverty
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??????????????All-China Womens Federation is the
biggest women organization in China
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???????? Major Functions of All-China Womens
Federation
????????? ?????? Represent and protect the
right and interest of women, promote gender
equality
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• ???????????5?,?6?????? There are about 60,000
  womens organizations at national, provincial,
  prefectural, county and township levels.
• ???????????98?? 98000 meetings of womens
  representatives and womens commission at village
  level.
• 5????????? and over 50000 government officials
  working for women

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• 1996?,?????????????????????,?????????100??????
  ????
• In 1996, China State Leading Group Office of
  Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) joined
  All-China Womens Federation in launching the
  Poverty-Reduction Action for Women, in which a
  goal was set to lift 1 million poor women out of
  poverty during the period of Ninth Five Year Plan
  for National Economic and Social Development.

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?????? Poverty-Reduction Action for Women
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• ????????????????????????????????
• It required governments at all levels to
  integrate the Action into local plans for poverty
  reduction

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• ????????????????????????????????
• It required womens federations at all levels to
  initiate projects with low cost and fast effect
  that directly solve the problem of food and
  clothing for poor women

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• ????????????????,????????????
• It required poverty reduction agencies at all
  levels to give preferential treatment under equal
  conditions to projects applied by womens
  federations

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• ?????????????????????,???????????????????
• It required that all relevant resources should
  be channeled to provide training for women, so as
  to raise their capability of self-development and
  getting out of poverty

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(?)??????, ???????? 1.1 A
diversity of measures to help women out of poverty
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????????,????????Frist, education and training
to enhance their capability to get out of
poverty.
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????? Papers issued by the seven ministries and
commissions of Chinese Government
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???????????????????40?? Ensure the proportion of
women in the whole trainees above 40.

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??????15???????? Branches of the Federation
throughout China set up more than 150 thousand
schools targeting rural women
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??20??????????? ????,?????????? More than
200,000 demonstrative centers of agricultural
technology have been established, playing a
leading role in helping women out of poverty
through applying technology
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??????,????????????73.4? A survey done by ACWF
shows that 73.4 of rural women participate in
agricultural activities .
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????????,??????????????????? Income generated by
women accounts for nearly half of the family
income.
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????????,????????????????? ? In more than 80 of
the families women manage family economic affairs
by themselves or together with their husbands.
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60???????????, 80??????????? 60 some rural
women said that they are happy about their life
and 80 of the rural women are confident and
positive about their future.
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????????,
???????? II. Helping women out of
poverty through projects.
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?????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????
?,????????,??????,?????????????????,?????????
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Lack of projects, finance and skills among poor
rural women presents a serious restriction to
their efforts of shaking off poverty. In order to
address this problem, ACWF and womens
federations at all levels work actively to obtain
support from the government and raise money from
all sources to develop projects based on local
realities.
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?????????????????????,????????????????????????
Meanwhile efforts are also made to improve
projects management and create new models of
poverty-reduction.
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??,???? 28?????? ??????? ?????? At present,
micro-credit projects of various forms and
sizes have been carried out in 28 provinces .
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??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? autonomous
regions and municipalities, with more and more
poor women becoming participants and
beneficiaries.
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?????????? 6???????, ?8500?????? ??????2880??, ???
?1435?, ????100 Chifeng City Womens Federation
has been implementing a UNDP poverty-reduction
project for 6 years, which provided 28.8
million RMB yuan of micro-credit to 8500 poor
families, with a 100 pay-back rate and an
average income increase of 1,435 RMB yuan per
family.
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?????????,
???????? III. Getting organized to
improve the quality of
poverty-reduction
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??,????????????? ????????5??? At present, there
are more than 50,000 business technological
associations
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??????????????? Nearly 10,000 cooperative groups
of various sizes in various forms for rural
women throughout the country.
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????????,
???????? ?. Strengthening regional
cooperation and expanding fields of
poverty- alleviation for women
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????????? Setting up partnership between the
richer ones and the poorer ones
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????????,
?????????? ?.Mobilize all walks of life into
caring for women and children in poor areas.

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???? The Water Cellar for Mother s project has
raised 170 million RMB yuan and built 100,000
rainwater-collecting wells and 1,100 small
water-supply projects in 23 provinces,
autonomous regions in northwestern China, an
area known for its lack of water.
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2003???,???? ????????? ???????? ??413? Since
2003, ACWF has sent 413 vans to the western
poor provinces through the Health Express for
Mothers project.
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?874??? ?????? ??? So far,
8,740,000 some people have benefited
from the project.
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????1989???????? ACWF launched Spring Bud
project in 1989.
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???2006??,?????6???,????????170????,?????????41.6?
?? By the end of 2006, ACWF has raised 600
million RMB yuan, sponsored 1.7 million girl
dropouts to return to school, and trained 416,000
women and adolescent girls on practical life
skills.
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????,???????2800?????????,????????????????????????
????????? So far, the Federation has pooled 28
million RMB of social donations to address the
problems of water, employment and girl schooling
in Three Gorges Reservoir areas and Jinshajiang
River Reservoir areas.
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(?)??????, ?????????? 1.2 Transfer
poor women labor force by various means
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??????????????????????? Womens federations have
summarized 8 most effective ways of women labor
transfer
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????,???????? Market is the key and training
should be organized according to needs in the
labor market

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????,???????? Reach out to the women to
help them migrate in an orderly way rather than
waiting for them to come to us
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????,???????? Develop local projects
and explore local labor transfer
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????,???????? build our service band and improve
the quality and effectiveness of labor migration
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????,???????? carry out regional cooperation to
achieve win-win labor transfer

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????,???????? Prioritize the rights of the rural
women to ensure human-centered labor transfer

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????,???????? Use role models in
publicity and labor transfer guidance.

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????,???????? Provide support to those who
return to hometown to start their business after
working in other cities
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??????? 3. Difficulties and Problems
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????? First, low qualification.
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???????????????? Second, lack of finance,
the biggest problem for women engaged in
agricultural production.
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??????????????????????????? Third, lack of
practical technique and talents who master
techniques, a bottleneck constraining rural women
from getting rich.
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??????????????????? Fourth, lack of
information services, the support much wanted by
rural women.
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??????? 4. Countermeasure and
Recommendations
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1?????????,???????????????? 4.1 The leadership
of government should be put to play to increase
training for rural women.
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2???????????????????????????????????,??????
4.2 Specific measures should be drafted taking
into consideration of the context that the
government is proceeding with poverty reduction
campaign, western development, middle rise and
revitalization of old industrial basis in the
northeast.
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3???????????????,??????????????????? 4.3
Government policies of constructing new villages
should be put in place to benefit rural women
with pro-farmer financial policies.
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4.??????,??????????????????? 4.4 Preferential
policies should be drawn to support women labor
transfer by various channels.
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5.????????,??????????????????? 4.5 Legitimate
rights of women should be protected, complimented
by the reforms to rural cooperative medical
services and pension insurance.
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6?????????????????????????????? 4.6 The roles of
womens federations should be expanded in the
construction of new village and a harmonious
society.
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?????????,??????????????????,?????????????,????,??
??,????? All-China Womens Federation will as
usual organize women actively into the practice
of poverty reduction, help more poor women out of
poverty and make the way to prosperity and
civilization, leaving ignorance and blindness far
behind.
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??!Thank you!