Life Expectancies

1
Life Expectancies

• Why Women Live Longer Than Men

2
Differences From the Beginning of Time

• Women have outlived men since the 1500s when the
  first reliable mortality data was kept
• between 1751-1790 average life expectancy at
  birth was 36.6 for women and 33.7 for men
• today the life expectancy at birth is 79 and72
  respectively
• today women outnumber men nine to one

3
Death Rates at Different Ages

• At the time of conception there are 115 males to
  every 100 males
• only 104 males are born for every 100 females
• during each year after birth males mortality
  grows, so by age 25 women are in the majority

4
Different Stages Resulting In Higher Mortality In
Men

• Rates between 15-24 when males hit puberty and
  become more aggressive and violent
• between 55-64 rates peak again
• car accidents are the most common cause of death
  for men in both categories

5
Disease and Other Causes of Death

• Car wrecks and suicide two non-disease related
  causes in men
• illness related to alcohol consumption and
  smoking in men
• men begin an increased risk of heart disease in
  their 40s

• Womens risk of heart disease begins increasing
  only after menopause
• heart disease is the leading killer of both sexs
  between the ages of 55-64
• sex hormones play a large role in many disease

6
Testosterone

• Is involved in the peak of mortality at ages
  15-24 by causing aggression, competitiveness, and
  libido
• it increases blood levels of bad cholesterol
• decreases levels of good cholesterol
• these two put men at greater risk of stroke and
  heart disease

7
Estrogen

• Contains beneficial effects on cardiovascular
  health
• decreases blood levels of LDL
• increases levels of HDL
• it is an antioxodent
• treatment with this after menopause can reduce a
  womans risk of dying from heart disease, stroke,
  and dying in general

8
Mortality Rates of Men and Women
9
Longevity In Primates

• The majority of species observed have a
  difference in male and female life expectancy
• the amount of time children stay dependent on
  adults indirectly links to life spans

10
Babies Dependency on Their Parents

• Human babies require more attention for longer
  periods of time
• women espicially have a longer life span in order
  to care for their kids and grandkids

11
Differences in Dependency

• Since human babies are dependent for so long
  womens life span is increased to provide care
  even after they are unable to reproduce
• women remain fertile longer than men and have
  greater dependency from an infant than men do
• menopause is an evolutionary adaptation to
  accomidate needs

12
Secrets to Longevity

• Shedding the uterine lining, and giving blood for
  men reduce the bodies iron load
• womens metabolism is slower than a mans from
  the tome of conception

• This makes mens cells breakdown quicker
• women have two X chromosomes
• overall it could be that mens systems work
  through the cycles much quicker than women

13
Decreasing the Gender Gap

• Life expectancy has increased 77 and 66
  respectively since 1900
• in the past two decades womens life span has
  decreased
• women are now becoming more vulnerable to what
  were previously, male diseases