Presentation To New Jersey Clean Air Council April 14, 2004

1
Presentation ToNew Jersey Clean Air
CouncilApril 14, 2004

• Particulate Matter
• Issues and Control Measures
• Associated With Compression Ignition Engines
• Presented by
• Joe Suchecki

Engine Manufacturers Association www.enginemanufac
turers.org ema_at_emamail.org
2
Engine Manufacturers Association

• Member Trade Association Representing
  Manufacturers of Internal Combustion Engines
• Represent Industry on Legislative and Regulatory
  Matters With Federal, State, Local Government
• Emphasis on Environmental and Emissions Issues

3
EMA Members

• Briggs Stratton
• Caterpillar
• CNH
• Cummins
• DaimlerChrysler
• Deere Co
• Detroit Diesel
• Deutz
• Ford
• General Motors
• Hino Motors
• International Truck Engine
• Isuzu Motors America

• Kohler
• Komatsu
• Kubota Engine America
• Mitsubishi Engine NA
• Mitsubishi Fuso Truck
• Onan-Cummins Power
• PACCAR
• Scania CV
• Tecumseh
• Volkswagen
• Volvo Powertrain
• Waukesha Engine, Dresser
• Yamaha Motor
• Yanmar Company

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Presentation Outline

• Particulate Matter Health Effects
• PM Emissions from Diesel Engines
• New Engine Emissions Standards
• Existing Engine Control Issues
• Recommendations To Reduce PM

5
Particulate Matter Health Effects

• Questions still remain regarding health effects
  of PM
• PM health studies and statistical analyses often
  provide conflicting results
• Ambient PM levels, the size of any health effect,
  mechanisms, and source of any effect are still
  uncertain

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Particulate Matter Health Effects

• Some Observations Deserve Attention
• HEI Report on time series studies indicates that
  model selection changes results
• Koop and Tole paper indicates that uncertainty in
  model selection overwhelms small association
  between PM and health effects
• Estimated risks from PM are lower now than in
  1996
• New studies show smaller risks and higher
  uncertainty
• In some respects, epidemiological evidence for PM
  health effects is actually weakening
• At a minimum, new study results certainly raise
  significant scientific questions on PM health
  effects

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Particulate Matter Health Effects

• Science has not yet provided a definitive answer
  on PM health effects
• Regardless of the health effects question, a
  PM2.5 NAAQS is in place and New Jersey needs to
  address attainment
• Key question today is what has been done and what
  can be done to reduce PM

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PM Emissions From Diesel Engines

• Compression ignition engines using diesel fuel
  are todays power of choice for
• Trucks and Buses
• Construction and Farm Equipment
• Locomotives
• Shipping
• Stationary Power Generation
• Energy Efficient, Reliable, Durable, Cost
  Effective

9
PM Emissions From Diesel Engines

• Like other combustion sources compression
  ignition engines emit PM
• Concerns often expressed regarding diesel engines
  
• Health Effects
• Significant PM Source
• Uncontrolled Emissions
• Smoke and Odor
• NOx and Air Toxics

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Diesel Engine Issues

• Health Effects
• Based on old technology and fuels and
  questionable studies/source apportionment
• PM Levels
• Emissions significantly reduced and ambient
  levels from diesel sources already decreasing
• Uncontrolled Emissions
• Not True PM emissions from diesels reduced by
  90 since 1980s
• Smoke, Odor, Other Emissions
• Significantly Reduced as well

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Diesel Engine PM Emissions Standards

• New Diesel Onroad Engines
• 1980s 1.0 g
• 1988 0.6 g
• 1994 0.1 g
• 2007 0.01 g
• New Diesel Nonroad Engines
• 1980s 1.0 g
• 1996 0.4 g
• 2003 0.15 g
• 2011 0.01 g

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On Highway Truck EnginesEPA Diesel Engine
Emission Standards
Particulates
NOx
NOx g/hp-hr
Particulates g/hp-hr
Year
Year
13
Nonroad Engine Emissions
14
New Engine Emissions Standards

• PM reductions through Catalyzed Filters and 15
  ppm sulfur diesel fuel
• New engine technologies eliminate PM from diesel
  engines to near zero levels
• Complete elimination of soot/carbon PM
• Control technology also eliminates hydrocarbon
  emissions

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New Engine Emissions Standards

• New Emissions Standards require elimination of
  virtually all PM from new diesel engines
• 2006 for onroad engines
• 2011 for nonroad engines
• All PM issues associated with new diesel engines
  are solved
• No need for additional controls of new engines

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Existing Engine Control Issues

• Existing onroad and nonroad fleets will continue
  to operate
• Existing Emissions Depend on
• Age of Engine
• Applicable Emissions Standards When New
• Maintenance Practices
• Fuel
• Options Available
• Vehicle Replacement
• Engine Replacement
• Retrofit
• Not all existing engines and equipment can be
  retrofitted to reduce PM

17
Stationary Diesel Engines Applications

• Diesel engines used to generate electricity in
  Distributed Generation applications
• Prime Power
• Emergency Generators
• Stationary sources regulated by States through
  application of state emissions standards and
  permits

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Emergency Standby Power

• Diesel engines are best solution to meet
  performance standards and States needs for
  Emergency Standby Electricity
• Diesels fill critical role in being able to meet
  stringent performance and regulatory
  requirements, and their ability to perform their
  function should not be compromised
• Air quality impacts are small because of minimal
  operating times and improved emissions profiles

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Key Emergency Generator Issues

• Emergency Generators Save Lives and Keep
  Essential Services Running
• Environmental Regulations Must Recognize this
  Vital Role and Not Impair their Ability to
  Function as Needed
• Emergency Generators Should Be Allowed to Operate
  as Distributed Energy Generators IF the Operator
  Complies with the Emissions Standards Applicable
  to Non-Emergency Generators

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Recommendations to Reduce PM

• New Engines for Mobile Source Applications
• New Federal Emissions Standards will reduce PM to
  near zero levels, no other action required
• Existing Engines for Mobile Source Applications
• Voluntary Incentived Retrofit Programs
• Encourage/accelerate fleet turnover
• Provide incentives for engine retrofit/replacement
  
• Identify and establish funding sources
• Heavy-Duty IM Programs to Assure Proper
  Maintenance

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Recommendations to Reduce PM

• New Engines for Stationary Source Applications
• Emergency Generators Meet EPA nonroad Tier 2/3
  standards, fuels
• Prime Generators Establish Feasible PM
  standards
• Existing Engines for Stationary Source
  Applications
• Emergency Engines Incentives for Replacement,
  fuels
• Prime Generators - Establish Feasible PM
  Standards

22
Presentation ToNew Jersey Clean Air
CouncilApril 14, 2004

• Particulate Matter
• Issues and Control Measures
• Associated With Compression Ignition Engines
• Presented by
• Joe Suchecki

Engine Manufacturers Association www.enginemanufac
turers.org ema_at_emamail.org