Pro poor Solid Waste Managment in Pakistan- Saadullah Ayaz

1
Pro-poor and Sustainable Solid Waste Management
for Secondary Cities and Small Towns
Saadullah Ayaz IUCN Pakistan
2
Saadullah Ayaz Coordinator Climate Change/ Clean
Air Initiative for Asian Cities IUCN
Pakistan Email saad.ayaz_at_iucn.org
3
Solid Waste Management Situation main
challenges in urban areas of Pakistan?

Solid Waste generation in Pak (Source Ministry
of Environment 2004) Total Production 20.024
million tones/ year or 59 thousand tones/
day (approx) (discluding 3 hazardous
waste) Per capita 0.61 kg/ day (average
for cities) 0.23 kg/capita/day (avg. sub-
urban and rural areas) Growth rate
2.4 per year (approx)
4
Waste composition ( weight) (sample 6 cities
Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore, Peshawar,
Quetta)(Source Ministry of Environment 2004)

• Type of Solid waste Percentage by weight
• Food waste (kitchen garbage, vegetables, fruits)
  21.7
• Yard waste (braches/ twigs, leaves/ grass) 17.1
• Animal waste 9.1
• Soil/ rubble 9.2
• Textile based material 7.4
• Plastics (all types) 7.1
• Glass 6.27
• Paper 6.0
• Rubber (tyres, gaskets, old footwear) 5.3
• Wood (lumber, wood products/ residue) 3.2
• Hospital waste 2.1
• Ferrous metal (iron, steel, tins) 1.8
• Non- ferrous metal (aluminum, copper, brass,
  lead) lt 1
• Bones and ash lt1
• Ceramics lt1
• Other waste lt1

5

• Methods for Disposal
• Average taken of five cities
• Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi/
  Islamabad and Peshawar
• (Source Ministry of Environment 2004)
• Practice Percentage by weight
• MSW brought to designated dumping site 28.6
• Garbage thrown in open spaces 27.8
• Dumped in or near water bodies/ drainage 16.3
• Rubbish burned in the open 10.4
• Collected recyclables 7.23
• Composting (formal and informal) 5. 21

6
Recycling Situation/ Industry

• - Almost 20-30 percent of solid waste in
  Pakistan is recycled
• - Recycling is done informally and not regulated
  anywhere in Pakistan no basic recycling rules
  available
• - Mostly done by scavengers, who sell these
  recyclables of scrap merchants
• - No formal recycling industry exists, these
  material are recycled as additional raw material
  by production industry (small industry)
• - Major recycled items include paper, plastic,
  glass, metal (iron, aluminum, lead)
• - Rubber/ tyres are used as additive fuel in
  brick kiln industry

7
Government of Pakistan Policies and Programmes
on Solid Waste Management

• National Environmental Policy, Gov. of Pakistan
  (2005) Clause 3.3 states solid waste may be
  prevented and reduced) and proposes
• a. Strict enforcement of National Environmental
  Quality Standards and Monitoring and Reporting
  System,
• g. Encourage reduction, recycling and reusing
  of Municipal Solid Waste,
• i. Develop and enforce rules and regulations for
  proper management of municipal, hazardous and
  hospital waste,
• Programme Ministry of Health, Gov. of Pakistan
  launched a waste management plan (May 2009) for
  hospital waste in all provinces of Pakistan with
  cost of PKR. 1.6 Billion

8
CDM project in in Pakistan (SWM) (only One)

• Composting of Organic Content of Municipal Solid
  Waste in
• Lahore, Pakistan
• Methodology Approved baseline and monitoring
  methodology AM0025 version 9. Titled Avoided
  emissions from organic waste through
  alternative waste treatment processes
• Objectives
• - Produce organic fertilizer from solid municipal
  organic waste through state of the art aerobic
  windrow type composting technology.
• - To help in achieving the objectives of
  combating climate change under UNFCCC by reducing
  significant amount of greenhouse gas (Methane)
  emissions and contributes to the regional and
  national sustainable development.

9

• Host Country Approval August 2008
• Project Owner Lahore Compost (Pvt) Limited
• Project Sponsors Lahore Compost (Pvt) Limited
• IBRD as trustee of the Danish Carbon Fund
• Saif Holdings Limited
• Cost US 5.5 million
• Emission reduction 7844 tones CO2 eqv./ year
• Carbon buyers Open market Danish Carbon Fund
  World Bank
• Current status under registration with UNFCCC,
  Executive Board

10

• Sustainability/ Social benefits of the project
• - Reduce GHG emissions
• - Production of cheap organic fertilizer
  agriculture development
• - Transfer of modern technology (state of art
  Menart technology)
• - Increases skilled labor opportunities (about 80
  full-time jobs)
• - Improving the environment quality of Lahore city

11
Examples of innovative approaches in SWM

• Pilot on Participatory Solid Waste Management
  under Project Building Coalitions for Change to
  Implement Pro-Poor Environmental Fiscal Reforms
  (EFR) (IUCN 2009)
• Target area Nawanshehr town, district
  Abbottabad
• Objective Development and operationalization of
  a Participatory Solid Waste Management System
  for Pro- poor Fiscal Reforms
• Components
• i. Social Mobilization dialogue with
  community groups, youth associations,
  shopkeepers, school children and women
  folks,Operationalization of a Youth Forum
• Citizens seminar, targeted meetings, door
  to door campaign, distribution of awareness
  raising material

12

• Social Organization
• 62 community activists (male and female)
  involved, trained in PSWM
• Environmental Committees in 7 hamlets
  constituted (headed by lane manger and supported
  by community activists)
• Trainings imparted on waste collection/
  disposal, collectables/ recyclables, compositing/
  kitchen gardening, route planning for waste
  collection, dumping after 24 hrs.
• Improved measures for primary collection
• 9 beads developed (comprising of 100- 120
  houses)
• Privately hired community waste collectors in 9
  hamlets
• Improved outturn/ equipment of waste collectors
  (including safety gear)
• practice of dumping after 24 hrs.

13

• iv. Improved secondary collection system
• Route planning for collection, preparation of
  area maps
• Improved tools/ equipment
• Modern properly designated permanent waste
  dumping sites (09)
• Improvisation of waste dumping trolley for
  efficiency (hydraulic system)
• v. Introduction of Pro- Poor Fiscal Instruments
  in SWM
• Revenue generation from recyclables in 7 schools
• Community hired waste collector (paid through
  contribution)
• Composting practice/ kitchen gardening (total
  19)
• Regulation of waste merchants (18 Nos.) tax
  being paid to local administration

14
Mobilization through Seminars
15
Training Community activists
16
School children in collection of recyclables
17
Kitchen gardening (from Compost)
18
Improved door- to door collection, improved
tools and turn out of sanitary workers
19
New concreted collection points
20
New hydraulic dumping trolley
21
Results