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INVASIVE SPECIES

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How poodles first came to North America. What an organism does to survive using available ... Arrived in nursery stock in New York Bronx Zoo late 19th century ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: INVASIVE SPECIES


1
INVASIVE SPECIES
  • OR
  • ARE THE ALIENS
  • ALREADY IN YOUR BACKYARD?

2
How poodles first came to North America
3
What is a niche?
  • What an organism does to survive using available
    community resources, how it fits.

4
Killifish eats mostly plant matter and is fed on
by bass
  • .

5
  • If two species compete for the same niche
    (resources) one will lose over time. Example
    flathead catfish (large fish predator) water
    hyacinth (submerged plants, no light) starling (
    bluebirds) purple loosestrife (wetland plants)

6
What is a habitat?
  • The address of an organism or where it lives.
  • Examples sunfish aquatic box turtle
    terrestrial cactus desert shark marine.

7
HABITATS
  • Habitats are often unique requiring specialized
    adaptations like hydrothermal vents or arctic
    fishes
  • Other habitats like coral reefs have high
    diversity and complex interactions

8
ECOSYSTEM
  • A community of living organisms and their
    physical and chemical environment.
  • Not limited by size aquarium pond - lake
    river - coral reef.

9
What are invasive species?
Plants or animals that invade a new habitat and
cause harm to other species spread rapidly.
Well put the swamp here
FROG PIONEERS
10
Sources of Aquatic Invasives
  • Ballast water/hull biofouling - crabs
  • Aquarium trade - plants
  • Aquaculture tropical fish species and nutria
    (fur trade)
  • Seafood hard clam
  • Bio-control Amur (Russian carp)
  • Live bait - goldfish
  • Canals - lamprey
  • Nursery industry yellow iris
  • Scientific research - oyster

11
Problems
  • Disrupt complex ecosystems (change food chains)
  • Reduce biodiversity (fewer plants/animals)
  • Degrade habitats (fewer niches)
  • Transmit exotic diseases and parasites
  • Estimate is 10,000 marine hitchhikers each day
  • 138 billion cost to economy

12
10 Rule of 100 exotics, 10 take hold, 1 becomes
invasive
Nutria and marshes
Loosestrife and wetlands
13
WHERE ARE THEY FROM?
  • From other countries

14
From other regions in the U.S.
15
What have we given the world?
16
HOW DO THEY GET HERE?Almost all introductions
are by man.
Business Related
  • Nurseries lilies (tiger lily) Norway maple
    water lily
  • Aquarium Trade/live bait (2000sp. 30 countries)
    Hydrilla/Elodea and lionfish marmata turtle
    goldfish earthworms
  • Aquaculture/Restaurants) Atlantic salmon
    Japanese oyster bull frog Codium sp.

17
Global Trade
  • Ballast water (11,507,000,000 gallons per year)
    Japanese shore crab zebra mussel green crab
    jellyfish sp.
  • Ship hulls and transport algae sp. tiger
    mosquito zebra mussel
  • Intentional introductions starling Chinese
    mitton crab ringneck pheasant

18
Intentional
  • Biological control grass carp, mongoose,
    mosquito fish
  • Recreational fisheries enhancement/ research
    organizations rainbow and brown trout, rockfish,
    coho salmon, flathead catfish, Nile perch,
    largemouth bass
  • Channels/locks/canals lamprey

19
TIED TO EXTINCTIONS
20
Solutions (Problematic)
  • Chemical herbicides/pesticides rotenenone -
    snakehead
  • Bio-control new introductions of species from
    country of origin predators, herbivores,
    disease grass carp
  • Genomics genetically modified (GM)

Looks like another one of those stupid
Incredible Journey things.
21
Chestnut Nut Blight Endothia parasitica
  • Around 1904 was introduced into the United States
    from the Orient
  • Arrived in nursery stock in New York Bronx Zoo
    late 19th century
  • Wiped out an estimated one-fourth of American
    forests in 50 years

22
Case in Point Chestnut blight 40 years and 3.5
billion trees gone
23
CONCLUSIONS
  • Mammals, horses to pigs to mice, at least 20
    species
  • Birds, pigeons to parrots, 97 species
  • Amphibians and reptiles, mostly Florida, 30
    species
  • Fish, carp to trout, 138 species, mostly warm
    water
  • Again, the cost for these animals and plants is
    138 billion a year and climbing

24
(No Transcript)
25
Perhaps the greatest invasive is us.
Bill Hall University of Delaware Sea Grant Marine
Advisory Service
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