WRITING YOUR TERM PAPER

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WRITING YOUR TERM PAPER

• Using the
• American Psychological Association Citation Style
  

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Term Paper Format

• Margins should be at minimum 1 (one inch) on all
  sides.
• Preferred typefaces Times New Roman, 12 pt,
  Courier, 12 pt,.
• Pages are numbered starting with title page, and
  including reference page.
• Each page must have a header consisting of one or
  two words and the page nuimber in the
  top-right-hand corner.

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Term Paper Format

• All lines, including titles and subtitles must be
  double-spaced.
• Order of paper should be title page, text and
  references for papers of 9 pages or less.
  Include table of contents for papers of ten or
  more pages.
• In-text quotations of 40 words or more must be
  indented 10 spaces and without quotation marks.

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SET-UP OF RESEARCH PAPER

• Cover Page
• Table of Contents (for papers of 10 pages or
  more)
• Body of Paper
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Headings Sub-headings
• References

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COVER PAGE

• Co-occurring Disorders 1
• (Running Title)
• C0-occurring Disorders in Addiction
• Treatment Issues
• Your Name
• Human Services 298 C
• Donnalyn Kalei
• April 27, 2004

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Co-occurring Disorders 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Contents Page
• Cover Page 1
• Table of Contents..... 2
• Abstract... 3
• Introduction..........................
  3
• Treatment Issues for Adults..... 4
• Treatment Issues for Male Adults 5
• Treatment Issues for Female Adults 6
• Treatment For Youth.. 7
• Families of People with Co-occurring Disorders
  8
• Best Practices.. 9
• References. 10

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ABSTRACT

• Summarizes the Paper
• Example
• This paper explores the treatment issues that
  individuals with co-occurring disorders face when
  they enter substance abuse treatment. The paper
  will examine treatment issues of adults in
  general and as well as men, women, and youth
  respectively. In addition, this paper will also
  explore family issues that both individuals with
  co-occurring disorders and their families face in
  regards to compliance and non-compliance to
  treatment. Last, this paper with look at Best
  Practices used in the treatment of Co-occurring
  Disorders.

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Beginning Your Paper

• REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
• The Review of the Literature is used if you plan
  to review other research about a particular
  subject
• Places the writers research in the context of
  previous research
• Answers the research question
• For the purposes of this paper you do not have to
  do a review of the literature

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INTRODUCTION

• An introduction, unlike the abstract introduces
  the reader to your paper.
• It gets the reader interested in what they are
  about to read.
• It also contains the Thesis Statement at the
  bottom of the introduction.

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INTRODUCTION AND THESIS STATEMENT

• Very little information is available about
  individuals who abuse substances. Most believe
  that substance abusers use alcohol and/or other
  drugs because they choose to. What happens when
  a person is screened or assessed for substance
  abuse treatment and the results indicate that the
  individual has mental health issues in addition
  to substance abuse problems? What happens when
  the agency that screened or assessed this person
  does not provide services to persons with
  co-occurring disorders? To answer these
  questions, this paper will explore and examine
  treatment issues and services for individuals
  with co-occurring disorders.

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IN-TEXT CITATIONS

• APA Guidelines require that the writer give
  credit for ALL information whether it is a direct
  quote or a paraphrase.
• DIRECT QUOTES You are required to give the
  following information author, year of
  publication and page number for any direct quote.
• Apes can gesture, but do not understand the
  grammatical structure of American Sign Language
  (Smith, 1994, p. 345).
• PARAPHRASES You are only required to give the
  author and year of publication. However, it is
  suggested that you also provide the page number
• It has been shown that apes do not actually
  understand the syntax and structure of American
  Sign Language (Smith, 1994) OR (Smith, 1994, p.
  345)

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IN-TEXT CITATIONS

• CITING SEVERAL DIFFERENT WORKS BY DIFFERENT
  AUTHORS AT ONE TIME
• Organize information alphabetically by authors
  last names, and separate each with a semicolon
  (). Put all names inside one set of parenthesis
  ( ).
• Several studies (Adams, 1996 Goldstein, 1994
  Keahi, 1998 Lovell, 1999) indicate that female
  inmates with mental illnesses lacked adequate
  mental health services in U.S. prisons and jails.
• OR
• Several studies indicate that female inmates with
  mental illnesses lacked adequate mental health
  services in U.S. prisons and jails (Adams, 1996
  Goldstein, 1994 Keahi, 1998 Lovell, 1999).

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IN-TEXT CITATIONS

• CITING SEVERAL DIFFERENT WORKS BY DIFFERENT
  AUTHORS AT ONE TIME
• Organize information alphabetically by authors
  last names, and separate each with a semicolon
  (). Put all names inside one set of parenthesis
  ( ).
• Several studies (Adams, 1996 Goldstein, 1994
  Keahi, 1998 Lovell, 1999) indicate that female
  inmates with mental illnesses lacked adequate
  mental health services in U.S. prisons and jails.
• OR
• Several studies indicate that female inmates with
  mental illnesses lacked adequate mental health
  services in U.S. prisons and jails (Adams, 1996
  Goldstein, 1994 Keahi, 1998 Lovell, 1999).

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IN-TEXT CITATIONS

• CITING PERSONAL INTERVIEWS
• PERSON TO PERSON
• All the prison doctors and nurses did to help me
  with my depression was to give me high does of
  medication three times a day (J. K. Meyers,
  personal interview, May 15, 2001).
• BY TELEPHONE
• All the prison doctors and nurses did to help me
  with my depression was to give me high does of
  medication three times a day (J. K. Meyers, TTY
  conversation, May 15, 2001).
• BY EMAIL
• All the prison doctors and nurses did to help me
  with my depression was to give me high does of
  medication three times a day (J. K. Meyers,
  personal email, May 15, 2001).

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INTEXT CITATIONS

• Quotes of 40 OR MORE WORDS Indent five spaces
  on separate line. Continue double space rule.
• Mental health services for female inmates are
  unconscionably. This issue is not known among
  the general public or our law makers. According
  to Jackie Keahi (1998)
• Female inmates seeking mental health services
  were systematically turned away, given high doses
  of medication or told they had to wait one or
  two months to see the psychiatrist. A few
  committed suicide, some got into daily fights
  with other inmates and others just got sicker and
  isolated themselves from everyone. (p. 15)

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Words that Introduce Quotes or ParaphrasesThe
following means the same a says
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Examples

• Dr. Billow says that being exposed to television
  violence at a young age desensitizes children to
  violence in real life.
• As the author notes, "In an ideal classroom, both
  gifted children and learning disabled children
  should feel challenged."
• Burdow believes that being able to write using
  proper English grammar is an important skill.
• Dr. Patel observes that "most people tend to
  respond well to hypnotherapy."
• We see this self doubt again in the second scene,
  when Agatha comments, "Oh, times like this I just
  don't know whether I am right or wrong, good or
  bad."
• Goeff then relates that his childhood was "the
  time he learned to live on less than bread
  alone."
• The author declares, "All people, rich or poor,
  should pay the same taxes to the government."

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Words that Introduce Quotes or Paraphrases
Action Verbs
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Examples of Action Verbs

• Despite criticism, Johnston agrees that smoking
  should be banned in all public places.
• The author argues that "subjecting non-smokers to
  toxic second-hand smoke is not only unfair, but a
  violation of their right to a safe environment."
• Vick asserts that "cigarette smoke is unpleasant,
  and dangerous."
• The author cautions that "people who subject
  themselves to smoky bars night after night could
  develop illnesses such as emphysema or lung
  cancer."
• Rosentrhaw emphasizes that "second-hand smoke can
  kill."
• Still, tobacco company executives insist that
  they "were not fully aware of the long term
  damages caused by smoking" when they launched
  their nationwide advertising campaign.
• Though bar owners disagree, Johnston maintains
  that banning smoking in all public places will
  not negatively affect bar business.
• Jefferson claims that banning smoking in public
  places will hurt America's economy.

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Reference Format

• Reference List should be on separate page and
  numbered sequentially with rest of paper
• The title of the reference list page is
  References, which is centered in the middle of
  the top line
• Each entry should start on a new line
• The references must be listed in alphabetical
  order or by the first significant word if no
  author is listed
• Do not indent the first line, but the second line
  must be indented 5 spaces
• Use one space after a colon, comma, semicolon or
  period
• When writing authors names, use the authors
  last name, first initial and middle initial if
  any.

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Reference Format

• If there is more than one author, use the
  ampersand () before the last authors name
• Place the date of publication in parenthesis
  after the name information
• For book and article titles, capitalize only the
  first word of the title, and after the first word
  after a colon.
• Italicize the title of longer works, like books,
  magazines, newspapers, periodicals or journals
  that contain cited titles
• Include volume numbers as part of the title
• Do not abbreviate publication months. Write out
  the full month name
• List all pages used, even if they are not
  continuous (32, 46-47)

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Reference Format Books

• (1 Author)
• Clone, J.E. (1991). Learners grammar review.
  Washington,
• DC American Educational System.
• (2 Authors)
• Carrey, A., Hollis, F., (1989) Fish and
  underwater life. Boston Big Press.
• (3 Authors)
• Elliot, c., Hollis, F., Katerdunk, S., (1990).
  Early water experience. New York Howard Press.

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Reference Format Books

• (More than 3 authors)
• Elliot, C., Harvey, K., Silverman, E., Mudd, J.
  (2000). Fighting the winter blues. Philadelphia
  Morgan Press.
• (No author named)
• Writing strategies for first time writers (6th
  ed.). (1998). Springfield, IL Writers
  Association
• (Edited Book)
• Giblets, K.N., Homey, J.N. (Eds.). (1993).
  Children behaviors behavioral modifications and
  interventions. San Francisco Jonessy-Blithum.

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Reference Format

• (Journal Article)
• Buman, J.A. (1993). Finding ways to overcome
  college stress. Stress Reliever, 24, 12-16.
• (Magazine Article)
• Posher, N.I. (1992, October 24) How to budget
  your finances wisely. Washington Outlook, 14,
  pp.4-5.
• (Encyclopedia or Dictionary)
• Statton, B. (Ed). (1983). Idioms. The dictionary
  of deaf Culture (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 142 156).
  Washington Deaf Press.

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Reference Format

• (Internet articles)
• Harris, P.(1998, July 14). The young generation.
  Seattle Costal University. Retrieved June 5,
  2000, from http//coastaluniversity.edu/younggen
• (Internet article, no author)
• Jurors perceptions of the justice system. (1999,
  November 19). Washington, DC American Justice
  Retrieved June 9, 2000, from http//www.americanju
  stice.org

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Reference Format

• (Internet article, group author, with city of
• publication, no publisher)
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2000, March 14).
  Keeping our computers safe. Cryptology.
  Washington, DC http//www.cia.com/cryptology