Hardware Components

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Hardware Components

• COMP 101
• Spring Semester, 2006
• (Last Modified 2006/01/27)

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Components of a PC

• Excellent introduction at http//computer.howstuff
  works.com/pc1.htm
• Acquiring information keyboard, mouse, network
  cables, etc.
• Storing and manipulating information PC tower
• Communicating information monitor, speakers,
  network cables, etc.

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Inside the PC tower

• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Memory (RAM)
• Hard disk
• Floppy disk drive
• CD-ROM/DVD drive/burner
• Mother board

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The keyboard

• Standard input device
• Chinese input is a challenge

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Inside the keyboard
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The mouse

• Pointing device invented in the 1960s
• Became popular when Apple Mac was introduced in
  1984

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Modern design
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Inside the mouse
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Newer technologies

• Optical mouse
• Touchscreen
• Touchpad

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The monitor

• Cathode-ray tube (CRT) high speed electrons
  hitting a screen coated with color (red, green,
  blue) phosphor dots
• Liquid crystal display (LCD) back lighting
  filtered by RGB crystals
• Plasma display energized RGB gas plasma sealed
  in glass bubbles
• LCD projector strong projection light in place
  of back lighting

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Monitor specifications

• Resolution number of picture elements (pixels)
• The higher the number, the better
• Color depth number of bits used to describe the
  color of each pixel
• The higher the number (up to 32 bits), the better

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Connecting cables

• All different to mitigate Murphys law
• If there are two or more ways to do something,
  and one of those ways can result in a
  catastrophe, then someone will do it.
• -- Captain Edward A. Murphy, Jr., USAF, 1949.

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Different memory technologies

• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Read-Only Memory (ROM)
• Programmable ROM (PROM)
• Erasable PROM (EPROM)
• Electrically EPROM (EEPROM) (Flash Memory)

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CPU

• The brain of the computer
• Contains millions of transistors
• Performs arithmetic and logic functions
• The faster, the better
• IBM7094 (circa 1963 1 MHz)
• Cost US1,000,000
• Intel Pentium 4 (circa 2005 3 GHz)
• Cost

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CPU chip
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RAM

• Random-Access Memory
• Stores instructions and data for manipulation by
  the CPU
• Contains millions of transistors
• The more, the better
• IBM7094 (circa 1963 128 KB)
• Typical PC (circa 2005 512 MB)

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Gimmick specifications

• FSB Front Side Bus, the data connector between
  the CPU and other devices
• DDR Double Data Rate, the memory technology that
  increases the transfer speed of data to and from
  memory by a factor of 2.

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RAM modules with chips
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Hard disk

• Magnetic (permanent) storage of instructions and
  data for transfers in or out RAM
• Rotating electro-mechanical device for direct
  access
• The larger, the better
• IBM1401 (circa 1963 2 MB)
• Typical HD (circa 2005 160 GB)

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Hard disk module
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Floppy disk

• Magnetic (permanent) storage of instructions and
  data for transfers in or out RAM
• Rotates when accessed
• Standard medium to transfer data
• 5.25 in (1981 360 KB)
• 3.5 in (2003 1.44 MB)
• Being replaced by flash memory sticks

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Floppy disk drive
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Compact disk

• Optical storage of instructions and data for
  transfers in or out RAM
• Uses laser to sense (read) stored data
• May use laser to burn (write) or re-write data
• Standard medium to store data
• 4.75 in (CD700 MB DVD4.5 GB)
• The faster, the better
• 2X 2 times the speed of first-generation DVD
  drives (11Mbps)

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CD/DVD burner
http//www.pctechguide.com/10dvd_Technology.htm
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CD/DVD drive
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CD ROM drive
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Mother board

• Structure to mount CPU, RAM modules, peripheral
  components and their cable connectors
• Intellectual property of PC manufacturer

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Mother board of a PC