Marine Biodiversity and Marine Protected Area Networks

1
Marine Biodiversity and Marine Protected Area
Networks

• Working Group
• 4th Global Conference on
• Oceans, Coasts and Islands

2
WSSD 2002 Goals

• To achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the
  current rate of biodiversity loss.
• To establish marine protected areas consistent
  with international law and based on scientific
  information, including representative networks by
  2012.

3
Marine Biodiversity 2010 indicators

• Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems
  and habitats
• Trends in abundance and distribution of selected
  species
• Change in status of threatened species

4
Trends in extent of ecosystemscoral reefs

• Special emphasis under Jakarta mandate
• High biodiversity
• High economic value
• Extreme threat 20 destroyed 16 damaged

5
Trends in extent of ecosystems Mangroves

• Vulnerability 20 lost since 1980
• Carbon sequestration
• Shore protection

6
Trends in extent of ecosystems Deep sea

• High diversity and endemism -seamounts, vents,
  cold water corals
• Existing and potential economic value mining,
  pharmaceuticals ..
• Emerging threats mining, trawling ..

7
Trends in species

• Lack of baseline shifting baselines
• loss of perception of change that occurs when
  each generation redefines "what is natural."
• Climate change already driving of change
• Census of Marine Life
• Establishing a baseline -zooplankton to megafauna
• 10 years results to be released in 2010

8
Trends in abundance and distribution of selected
species

• Cetaceans e.g. Scientific Committee of
  International Whaling Committee
• Seabirds e.g. Global Seabird Programme
• Commercial fish species e.g. sharks, tuna

9
Change in status of threatened species

• IUCN Red List 1530 marine species (3.7 of
  total)
• IUCN Specialist Groups seabirds, turtles,
  cetaceans, groupers and wrasses, molluscs
• Global Marine Species Assessment assessment of
  20,000 species by 2012

10
MPA targets for 2012

• 10 of each biome protected
• Representative, resilient and connected networks
  of MPAs in place by 2012
• Improved management effectiveness

11
MPA progress

• 4435 MPAs 0.65 of oceans (cf 12 for land)
  12.8 of total MPA area no-take
• 17 countries committed to increasing MPA cover
• National networks e.g. Vietnam, Indonesia
• Regional networks e.g. Micronesia and Caribbean
  Challenges High Seas
• Management enforcement assessments of
  management effectiveness

12
Policy issue reduce marine biodiversity loss

• Accelerate efforts to reduce climate change
• Accelerate efforts to address immediate/local
  impacts in order to increase resilience
• Fisheries management
• Water quality reduce pollution, sedimentation
  etc
• Invasive species marine biosecurity
• Coral reefs beyond IYOR 2008
• MPAs expand networks and improve management
• Ecosystem restoration

13
Policy issue measuring progress towards targets

• Establish suitable marine indicators
• Improve baseline data
• Strengthen biodiversity monitoring and include
  ecological processes (e.g. recruitment, trophic
  interactions, resilience)
• Strengthen reporting on MPA progress clarify
  terminology establish indicators and criteria
  harmonise biogeographical classifications
  improve data collection
• Strengthen periodic reporting procedures to cover
  marine biodiversity more effectively

14
Recommendations

• Make marine biodiversity relevant to individuals,
  governments and private sector by demonstrating
  its economic and social value
• Sustainable financing
• Capacity building
• Establish a Friends of Jakarta Mandates
  initiative
• Feed outputs of Global Conference into CBD (COP9
  and COP10), IUCN World Congress (Barcelona) and
  other processes