AQUATIC DIPTERA The Flies

1
AQUATIC DIPTERA The Flies

• Chapters 22-26

2
DIPTERA CHARACTERISTICS

• Adults typically with 1 pair of wings, some
  wingless
• Metathorax with a pair of small wing-like lobes
  (halteres)
• Antennae with 3 or more segments (variable)
• Mouthparts variable, piercing, sponging or
  vestigial

3
DIPTERA CHARACTERISTICS

• Larvae without legs, some with prolegs at various
  positions
• Head capsule may be distinct, or retracted into
  thorax, or reduced to mouth hooks
• Some with respiratory siphons
• Some with suction pads

4
FAMILY TIPULIDAECrane Flies

• Adult legs long, slender
• 13 antennal segments
• Mesothorax and prothorax divided by V-shaped
  suture
• 2 anal veins reach wing margin
• Resemble large mosquitoes
• Larvae often lotic

5
TIPULIDAE ADULT/LARVA
6
TIPULIDAE ADULT
7
FAMILY TIPULIDAE

• Larval head retracted but relatively complete
  body often large, cylindrical
• Abdominal apex bears a spiracular disk,
  surrounded with finger shaped lobes and/or gills
  (typically with a pair of spiracles present)
• Some with short abdominal prolegs
• Common genus Tipula

8
TIPULIDAE LARVA
9
FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDAEPhantom Crane Flies

• Adult body, antennae and legs similar to crane
  flies
• Pro and Mesothorax divided by V suture
• 1 anal vein reaches wing margin
• Discal cell open
• Some species with banded legs
• Usually associated with seeps

10
PTYCHOPTERIDAE ADULT
11
FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDAE

• Larval head distinct, not retracted
• 3 pairs of abdominal prolegs
• A terminal, telescoping, siphon
• Body annulated with rings of minute dark spines
• Common genus Bittacomorpha

12
PTYCHOPTERIDAE LARVA
13
FAMILY CULICIDAEMosquitoes

• Adults with long slender mouthparts female feeds
  on blood
• Male antennae plumose, female antennae pilose
• Legs long, slender, wings scaly C vein extends
  around wing tip
• Larval head distinct, antennae conspicuous
• Thoracic segments fused

14
CULICIDAE

• No larval prolegs
• Anal segment present
• Siphon usually present, often with pecten and
  hair tufts
• Common genera Aedes, Culex, Anopheles,
  Psorophora

15
CULICIDAE
16
CULICIDAE ADULTS
17
CULICIDAE LARVAE/PUPAE
18
CULICIDAE
19
CULICIDAE
20
CULICIDAE
21
FAMILY CHAOBORIDAEPhantom Midges

• Adults small, mosquito-like, non-biting
• Male antennae plumose, female antennae hairy, 6
  or more segments
• Mouthparts short
• Wings without scales C vein extends around wing
  tip
• No ocelli

22
FAMILY CHAOBORIDAE

• Larval head distinct
• Antennae prehensile with terminal hair tufts
• Last abdominal segment with ventral hair brush
• No prolegs
• Usually no siphon
• Common genus Chaoborus

23
CHAOBORIDAE
24
FAMILY SIMULIIDAEBlack Flies

• Adults small, stout bodied, dark, short legged,
  broad winged
• Anterior wing veins thick, posterior ones weak C
  vein ends at wing tip
• No ocelli
• Antennae short, stout with 7-9 segments
• Blood feeders

25
SIMULIIDAE
26
SIMULIIDAE
SIMULIIDAE
27
SIMULIIDAE

• Larval head distinct
• Fan shaped mandibular brushes used for filter
  feeding
• Thorax with single proleg and crochets
• Abdomen with terminal disk of crochets
• Common genus Simulium

28
SIMULIIDAE LARVAE/PUPAE
29
FAMILY CHIRONOMIDAEThe Midges

• Adults resemble mosquitoes but have no proboscis
  and do not feed
• C vein ends at wing tip
• Larval head distinct
• 1 thoracic and 2 anal prolegs with crochets body
  without projections
• Some larvae with hemoglobin
• Common genera Polypedilum, Ablabesmyia,
  Chironomus, etc.

30
CHIRONOMIDAE
31
CHIRONOMIDAE
32
CHIRONOMIDAE
33
CHIRONOMIDAE
34
FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAENet Wing Midges

• Adults with 6 or more antennal segments
• Legs long, slender
• No V suture on mesonotum
• M3 vein no attached at base
• Larval head fused to thorax, thoracic segments
  united
• Suction disks on thorax 5 abdominal segments

35
BLEPHARICERIDAE
36
FAMILY CERATOPOGONIDAEBITING MIDGES (PUNKIES)

• Adults similar to Chironomids but small and
  mouthparts adapted for piercing
• Larval head distinct
• Thoracic proleg and 2 anal prolegs often present,
  sometimes both absent if prolegs present the
  body has spiny projections
• Common genus Palpomyia

37
CERATOPOGONIDAE
38
FAMILY TABANIDAEHorse Flies and Deer Flies

• Adults large robust, biting flies females take
  blood meal
• Eyes large (male eyes meet on top of head)
• 3rd antennal segment usually enlarged, some with
  thumb shaped projection usually 7 segments
• Discal cell 2X long as wide

39
TABANIDAE
40
TABANIDAE

• Larval head indistinct, reduced to mouth hooks
• Abdomen ringed with creeping welts
• Short siphon present
• Usually white in life
• Common genera Tabanus, Chrysops

41
TABANIDAE
42
FAMILY STRATIOMYIDAESoldier Flies

• Adult body wasp-like, patterned in black and
  yellow
• Antennae elbowed at midlength
• Discal cell small abdomen flat, wide and
  transparent in places
• Empodia shaped like pulvilli (pads under tarsal
  claws)

43
STRATIOMYIDAE
44
STRATIOMYIDAE

• Larval head distinct
• Body dark brown, leathery, flattened
• Body wide at mid length and tapered to both ends
• No prolegs
• Common genus Stratiomys

45
FAMILY SYRPHIDAEFlower Flies

• Adult body usually dark with yellow patterns,
  many wasp/bee mimics
• M vein bends forward to join R45
• Spurious vein below R45
• Antennae aristate
• Empodium absent or bristle-like
• Larval head indistinct
• Telescoping siphon on tail
• Thorax and abdomen with short prolegs
• Common genus Eristalsis

46
SYRPHIDAE