Psychedelics and hallucinogens

1
Psychedelics and hallucinogens

• Acetylcholine psychedelics
• Catecholamine-like psychedelics
• Serotonin-like psychedelics
• Psychedelic anaesthetics

2
Terms

• Hallucinogen vs. illusionogen
• Perceptual distorter
• Phantasticum
• Neurodysleptic and psychotomimetic

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Acetylcholine psychedelics

• AChE inhibitors
• Physostigmine
• Malathion and parathion
• Sarin and soman
• ACh blockers
• Atropine and scopolamine
• Hyoscyamine
• ACh mimics Muscarine, ibotenic acid, muscimol

4
Plant sources of ACh psychedelics

• Physostigma venenosum, Calabar bean
• Solanaceae, family of potato and tomato
• Atropa belladonna, deadly nightshade
• Datura stramonium, jimsonweed
• Mandragora officinarum, mandrake
• Hyoscyamus niger, henbane
• Amanita muscarii, fly agaric

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Acetylcholine psychedelics
CH3
O
CH2
CH2
O
C
CH3
N
CH3
Acetylcholine
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Catecholamine-like psychedelics

• Look like the catecholamine NTs and like cocaine
  and amphetamine, but they have additional CH3-O
  (methoxy) groups.
• Catecholamine agonists as stimulants and
  reinforcers
• Psychedelic effects from high-affinity serotonin2
  partial agonism at postsynaptic receptors.

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Specific catecholamine psychedelics

• Peyote/mescaline
• Synthetic mescaline/amphetamine derivatives
  Designer drugs
• DOM/STP
• MDA, TMA, MMDA
• MDMA/Ecstasy/Adam
• Myristicin and elemicin

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Serotonin-like psychedelics

• LSD-25 Ergot
• Ololiuqui Heavenly blue morning glory
• Harmine Peganum harmala
• Psilocybin and psilocin/Silly putty
• Tryptamines
• Magic Mushroom of Mexico, Psilocybe mexicana,
  shrooms
• Like other tryptamine hallucinogens, Schedule I

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Serotonin-like psychedelics Tryptamines

• DMT Piptadonia peregrina, Yopo
• When yopo is roasted, the bufotenine
  (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is converted
  to DMT (dimethyltryptamine)
• Sniffed, smoked, injected 45-60 minute trip
• Can be taken orally if another drug inhibits its
  metabolism by MAO
• B-carbolines in Banisteriopsis and other plant
  sources of ayahuasca appear to inhibit MAO
• Bufotenine Highly toxic
• Reported psychedelic effects may be due to
  peripheral toxicity
• DET, AET, AMT, and N,N-diisopropyl-5-methoxytrypta
  mine (Foxy methoxy)

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Psychedelic anaesthetics

• Phencyclidine (Sernyl/Sernylan)and ketamine
  (Ketalar)
• PCP, angel dust, crystal, dust, embalming fluid,
  DOA, surfer street K, special K
• NMDA-glutamate complex
• Post-synaptic calcium influx
• Long-term potentiation
• PCP receptors antagonize the complex by blocking
  the receptors
• Nitrous oxide and dextromethorphan may act
  similarly

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Is toad-licking an urban legend?

• Orally administered bufotenine is not
  hallucinogenic It doesnt cross the BBB
• 5-methoxyDMT, found in Bufo alvarius rather than
  Bufo marinus, is hallucinogenic when smoked.