South Asia: Land and History

1
South Asia Land and History
2
The Indian Subcontinent

• Hindu Kush

• Himalayas Mts.

• Creates the Northern Border

• Mountain region
• between
• Afghanistan and
• Pakistan

• Northern Mountain Rim

• Site of Mt. Everest

• Created by
• collision of
• India with
• Asia

• Khyber Pass

• Main
• Passage
• between
• the Kush

• Indo-Gangetic Plain

• Northern Plain,
• very fertile

• Coastal Plains stretch
• from the Ocean to the
• Ghats

• Made up of the
• Indus and
• Ganges Rivers

• Deccan Plateau

• Mountainous border
• of the Interior Plateau

• Interior of India
• Drier than the
• N. Plains
• More Minerals
• and Forests

• Vast numbers of
• people live in
• the Northern
• Plains

• Indias Climate is
• dominated by the Monsoons

• Seasonal Winds that blow warm, wet
• or cool dry air over India
• The rainy season often spawns Cyclones

• Many Unique Animals

3
Cyclones!
1. How many storms, on average, have there been
in the last 6 years?
2. What percent of storms/cyclones have hit land
in the past six years?
3. How many storms do you predict may make
landfall in 2006?
3 Storms
14/28 46
5 Storms
Year
Category
Freq.
Landfall
2000
TS
2
1
C1
2
2
2001
TS
3
0
6
C1
1
0
5
1
0
C4
4
2002
TS
5
3
Frequency
3
2003
TS
2
2
C1
1
1
2
C2
1
0
1
2004
TS
1
3
C1
1
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2005
TS
3
6
Year
4
Development of India
The Harappans
Buddha and Empires
The Aryan Invasion

• A pristine civilization
• forms along the
• Indus River

Harrapa

• 2 major cities

• Siddhartha Gautama founds
• Buddhism
• Named for the Enlightened One
• or Buddha

• Impressive Advances
• Planned Streets
• Sewer Systems
• Interior Plumbing
• Secure Streets

Mohenjo-Daro

• Chandragupta founds the Mauryan
• Empire along the Ganges River
• Ashoka becomes a Buddhist and ushers
• in a period of religious tolerance

• The Aryans
• immigrate to
• India through
• the Khyber Pass
• Settle with
• the Harappan
• to form a true
• Indian People

The Vedic Age and Hinduism

• Chandragupta II founds the Gupta
• dynasty and a golden age of Indian Art,
• Science and Literature begins

• The Aryans write their beliefs down into
• Vedas or Books of Knowledge
• Hinduism results from the Vedas
• The Caste System develops out of the Vedic Age to
  divide social jobs

• Speak Sanskrit
• Becomes a written language
• SinduSinthusSindus
• Indus--India

5
Indian Empires

• What is the
• oldest Event shown on the Timeline?

1. When did Ashoka die?

• Whose Reign
• began in 375 CE?

232 BCE
Chandragupta II
Chandragupta founds the Mauryan Dynasty
400 BCE
300 BCE
200 BCE
1 CE
200 CE
300 CE
400 CE
232 BCE Ashoka dies and the Empire collapse
415 CE Reign of Chandra-gupta II Ends
297 BCE Bindasura succeeds Chandragupta as ruler
of the Empire
310 CE Chandragupta I begins to build a new empire
321 BCE Chandragupta Maurya becomes founder of
the Mauryan Dynasty
375 CE Reign of Chandragupta II Begins
274 BCE Asoka succeeds Bindasura as Emperor
6
Religions of India
Buddhism
Hinduism
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Founded by developing Aryan beliefs into the Vedas
Both Founded in India
He is The Lord Buddha
Buddha Enlightened One
One god named Brahma with many minor gods that
make up aspects of him
When you gain complete Enlightenment you may
enter Nirvana
Polytheistic
Believe in all life being sacred
Buddhism is a branch of Hinduism
Liberation of suffering
Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Main Principle Search for the cause of human
suffering in order to eliminate it
Believe in good works Enlightenment
Widely practiced today
Reincarnation Soul can be reborn into different
bodies
Experience Enlightenment
Karma The stored experiences of your soul
Reincarnation Karma
Uses the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path
to gain Enlightenment
Good Karma Better Caste Bad Karma Worse Caste
Popular in SE Asia, Tibet, and Japan
7
Origins of Hindu India

• What are the names of the 4 major parts that make
  up the Veda?

Organization of the Vedas
Rig, Sama, Yagur, Atharua
Rig Veda
Atharua Veda
Yagur Veda
Sama Veda

• How many
• sections is each part divided into?

Hymns Prayers
Hymns Prayers
Hymns Prayers
Hymns Prayers
Four
Religious Ceremony
Religious Ceremony
Religious Ceremony
Religious Ceremony

• What
• subjects do these parts cover?

Philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy
Prayers, Ceremony, Philosophy, Meditation
Meditations
Meditations
Meditations
Meditations
8
Southeast Asia

• Southeast
• Asia is
• made up of
• A mainland
• Several
• large
• islands

• Two major rivers flow through the
• region
• Irrawaddy
• Mekong

Pagan
Indochina

• Center of Trade East
• and West
• Straits of Malacca

• The mainland
• has two peninsulas
• Indochina
• Malay

Angkor Wat

• Several large ancient
• civilizations dotted the
• area
• Khmer
• Mon

• The Islands of Southeast
• Asia form a long
• archipelago of the Malay Pen.
• Sumatra
• Java
• Borneo
• Celeb
• Spice Islands

The Islands were of a land bridge linking Asia
and Australia
Malay
Borneo
Celeb

• The land is corrugated
• Series of steep
• mountains and
• valleys

Java
Sumatra
Spice Islands
9
Rise of Buddhism
1. Whose teachings are presented on this page?
2. How many teachings did Buddha recommend?
3. What do you think is meant by control your
thoughts?
Resist Evil
Control your Thoughts
Practice Meditation
Free your mind of Evil
The Teachings of Buddha
Say nothing to hurt others
Work for the Good of others
Respect Life
Know the Truth
The Eightfold Path
10
Outside Influences
Mughal Muslim India
The Raj
Chinese SE Asia
French Indochina

• The Vietnamese were dominated by the Chinese for
  nearly 1000 years
• The Vietnamese developed strong ties to Chinese
  Culture
• Confucianism
• Daoism
• Buddhism
• Hard for the Chinese to conquer
• Guerilla fighters
• Long history of military leaders
• Trung Sisters
• Ngo Quyen

• The Dutch were the first to trade in SE Asia in
  the 1500s
• The Thais closed ports to stop colonizing
• Roman Catholic Missionaries went to Indochina and
  converted many Vietnamese and others
• In the 1800s French soldiers moved into the
  region to protect the missionaries
• By 1860, they were colonizing

• The East Indian Trading Company was the first to
  Trade
• When Aurangzeb dies the British move in ask
  Indian Princes to rule
• The Rajputs
• Begin to Outlaw Hindu Customs
• Suttee
• Indians revolt
• Sepoy Rebellion
• Fought over the
• greese used on
• Bullets
• Ethnocentrism
• British take direct control and start stripping
  the land

• Muslims invade India in the 900s CE
• Many Indians convert to Islam
• Descendants of the Mongols led by Babur attack
  India
• Mughals
• Babur is fair
• His grandson Akbar was very just
• First to trade
• with the British
• British Trade in India marks the beginning of
  the end
• Many monumental buildings are built
• Taj Mahal

11
Spice Trade
1. Which of these spices are found in Southeast
Asia?
Spice
Source
Some Uses
Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka
Baked goods, puddings
Cinnamon
Gingerbread, Ginger Ale, Baked Goods
2. What are some uses for Mace?
Jamaica, India
Ginger
Southeast Asia, West Indies
Pound Cake, All Yellow Cakes
Mace
3. Which of these spices is found in the United
States?
Meats, Sauces, mustard spread
United States, Canada
Mustard
Baked Goods, pudding, Egg Nog
Southeast Asia, West Indies
Nutmeg
Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka
Adds Flavor to foods
Pepper