Emancipation of Slaves: Gradual or Immediate?

1
Emancipation of Slaves Gradual or Immediate?

• Gradual
• freeing children as born or at adulthood
• freeing old people as they stop work
• permitting people to buy their freedom
• freeing slaves when master dies

• Immediate
• political emancipation Emancipation
  Proclamation, 1863
• slave rebellion or revolution

2
Reconstructing the Labor System

• Compensation?
• To slaveowners for loss of property?
• To slaves for historical oppression? Forty Acres
  and a Mule

• Political Emancipation Nothing but Freedom
• Freedmens Bureau
• Wartime Amendments
• 13th Amendment ends slavery
• 14th provides citizenship, due process and equal
  protection of the law
• 15th provides right to vote

3
Womens Emancipation

• Property Rights to own property, work
• Political Rights vote, hold office, serve on
  juries, participate in political activity
• Reproductive Rights birth control
• Social Cultural Rights to travel, speak in
  public, dress, attend cultural or educational
  institutions

4
Womens Emancipation

• Right to own property Married Womens Property
  Acts (1850s on) Married Womens Earnings Laws
  (1870s on)
• Right to Education Womens Colleges, and
  Coeducational Higher Education (1850s - on)
• Divorce and Custody Laws changed to give women
  custody of children (late 19th century)
• Reproductive rights voluntary motherhood (ca.
  1880s) birth control (ca 1920) planned
  parenthood (ca 1950s) reproductive rights
  (1970s)
• Right to Vote 19th Amendment 1920

5
But between 1890s and 1960s for the Freed
Population and Women

• Separate but Equal(Plessy v. Ferguson)
• segregated jobs, schools, public accommodations
• white primary
• grandfather clauses, poll taxes

• Separate Spheres
• Separate education e.g., home economics
• Protective legislation
• Separate economic roles which mesh with home
  responsibilities

6
Civil Rights Revolution

• First the courts Brown v. Board of Education
  (1954) Roe v. Wade (1973)
• Equal Pay Act of 1963
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Housing Act of 1968
• Title IX of education amendments of 1972