APAG Ch. 13 The Presidency

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APAG Ch. 13 The Presidency

• Assignment 3 Pages 408-419

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• What are the special powers privileges that the
  president has over the other branches?

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• The president has (1) emergency powers, (2)
  executive orders, and (3) executive privilege.

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• Where does the president get his emergency
  powers? What was the first Supreme court case
  that upheld these powers?

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• The emergency powers come from the inherent
  powers.
• They were first enunciated in the Supreme Court
  case, United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.

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• Which Supreme Court case was the first to limit
  emergency powers?

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• Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 1952.

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• What are executive orders? What can they do?
  What is the only requirement of them?

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• Executive orders are rules or regulations issued
  by the president that has the effect of law.
• They can
• Enforce legislative statutes
• Enforce the Constitution or treaties with foreign
  nations
• Establish or modify rules and practices of
  executive administrative agencies

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• The only requirement is that under the
  Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, all
  executive orders must be published in the Federal
  Register.

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• What is executive privilege? How has Pres. Bush
  used it? What do critics say about it?

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• Executive Privilege is the right of executive
  officials to refuse to appear before, or to
  withhold information from, a legislative
  committee.
• Pres. Bush used it to keep the head of the newly
  established Office of Homeland Security, Tom
  Ridge, from testifying before Congress.

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• Pres. Bush also used it to resist attempts by the
  Congressional General Accounting Office to obtain
  information about meetings and documents related
  to Vice President Dick Cheneys actions as chair
  of the administrations energy policy task force.

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• Critics believe it can be used to shield from
  public scrutiny actions of the executive branch
  that should be open to Congress and to the
  American public.

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• Describe the lead up to the Supreme Court case
  U.S. v. Nixon, 1974.

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• Five men broke into the headquarters of the
  Democratic National Committee and were caught
  searching for documents that would damage the
  candidacy of the Democratic nominee, George
  McGovern. After extensive investigation, it was
  discovered that Pres. Nixon participated in a
  cover-up of the event and proof was found on his
  Oval Office tapes.

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• Name the presidents who have been impeached or
  have articles of impeachment approved by the
  House Judiciary Committee? How many were
  convicted by the Senate?

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• Presidents Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton were
  impeached.
• Pres. Nixon had articles of impeachment approved
  by the House Judiciary Committee.
• No president has ever been convicted by the
  Senate.

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• When did Congress authorize the first secretary
  for the president to be paid out of federal
  taxes? How many people worked on the staffs for
  Presidents Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt,
  and G.W. Bush?

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• The first paid secretary for the president was
  authorized in 1857.
• Pres. Wilson had several secretaries, but often
  typed his own correspondence.
• Pres. Roosevelt had 37 employees on his entire
  staff.
• Pres. Bush has a staff of over 600.

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• Which group of presidential appointees are the
  least helpful to the president?

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• The formal cabinet is the least helpful to the
  president because they are more concerned about
  the needs of their own departments, employees,
  and ambitions to higher office themselves.

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• 10. What is meant when we say the presidential
  use of his cabinet is purely discretionary?
  Which cabinet will he rely on more? Who do you
  think is in G.W. Bushs?

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• Because neither the Constitution nor statutory
  law requires the president to consult with the
  cabinet, its use is purely discretionary.
• He relies more on his kitchen cabinet which is
  made up of his closest friends and advisors.
• Carl Rove, Dick Cheney, Condaleeza Rice

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• 11. Why dont presidents use their formal
  cabinets to solve problems?

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• The cabinet heads are more worried about their
  departments, employees, and their own political
  ambitions.

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• 12. What is the EOP? Which offices are the most
  important? Describe them.

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• The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was
  established by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt by
  executive order under the Reorganization Act of
  1939, the EOP currently consists of eleven staff
  agencies that assist the president in carrying
  out major duties.

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• The most important offices are
• -The White House Office- made up of the legal
  counsel to the president, secretary, press
  secretary, and appointments secretary headed by
  the Chief of Staff.
• -The Council of Economic Advisers- a 3 member
  advisory group that serves as the basis for the
  presidents annual economic report to Congress

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• -The Office of Management and Budget-
• It is headed by a director, who must make up the
  annual federal budget that the president presents
  to Congress each January for approval
• -The National Security Council- Is a link
  between the presidents key foreign and military
  advisers and the president.

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• 13. What is the only formal duty of the Vice
  President? Who usually manages the parliamentary
  procedures in the Senate?

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• The only formal duty of the VP is to preside over
  the Senate.
• The president pro tem manages parliamentary
  procedures in the Senate.

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• 14. What is the main purpose of a Vice
  Presidential nominee? What do VPs usually spend
  their time doing?