Black Nationalism

1
Black Nationalism
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What is black nationalism?

• An empowerment ideology with a wide variety of
  meanings to a wide variety of adherents that
  nevertheless exhibits common themes

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Early Nationalists

• Paul Cuffe
• Black shipowner who only hired black seaman to
  disprove racist ideas
• Theme Economic self-sufficiency

• Free African Society
• Religious organization
• Founded in 1787 by Richard Allen and Absalom
  Jones
• Theme Secular vs. Religious Nature of Black
  Nationalism

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Antebellum and Civil War Era Black Nationalism

• David Walker
• 1829, An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the
  World argues
• African motherland must be freed first
• Denounced whites for their avarice, but did not
  consider them natural enemies
• Father of black nationalism
• Theme African inspired

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Henry Highland Garnet

• Follower of David Walker
• Believed cooperation with whites was possible
• Opposed emigration at first, but later accepted
  it partially always committed to political
  solution

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Martin Delany

• Black separatist
• Initially opposed colonization, but became a
  separatist after the Fugitive Slave Act
• Theme Diversity of viewpoints

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Du Bois Pan-Africanism

• Pan-Africanism a movement originating after WW1
  seeking to achieve a pan-African union of African
  peoples on the African continent itself and those
  scattered throughout the New World
• Theme Idealism

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Paul Robeson

• Performer, scholar, and activist
• Well-versed in African languages, anthropology,
  and folklore
• Saw Africa as a potential spiritual and cultural
  inspiration for humanity in combination with
  Western technology

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Separatists

• Garvey vs. Du Bois
• Garvey the capitalist vs. Du Bois the socialist
• Garvey the separatist vs. Du Bois the
  integrationist
• Grover Cleveland Redding
• leader of the Abyssinian Movement
• Urged blacks in Chicago to emigrate to Ethiopia

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Nation of Islam

• Black separatist organization
• Islam as a source of unification

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Black Panthers

• We see this as a world-wide contest, and in this
  world-wide contest, you are in a very much of a
  minority, and we are with the majority. So you
  don't have 20 million black people to deal with,
  you have 700 million Chinese, 300 million
  Africans, and unnumbered billions, and millions
  and millions, and millions, and millions of mad
  black, brown, red, and yellow people to deal
  with.
• Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Information
• Theme Radicalization

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Black Nationalism Today

• Cultural dissemination
• Hip-hop
• Blaxploitation films
• Kwanzaa
• The Commercialization of Malcolm X

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Resources

• http//college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/h
  tml/ah_010600_blacknationa.htm
• http//www.rit.edu/nrcgsh/bx/bx09d.html
• http//afgen.com/nationalism_beliefs.html
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h465.html
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1537.html
• http//www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/journey_2/p_4.ht
  ml
• http//www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/bpp/bpp19680928_
  6_14.html
• http//www.encyclopedia.com/html/P/PanA1fric.asp