Mythology

1
Mythology

• Chapter 1
• The Gods

2
Creation

• Universe created gods, gods didnt
• create universe
• Heaven Earth (1st parents)
• Titans children
• Gods grandchildren

3
The Titans

• Elder gods
• Children of Heaven Earth
• Gigantic great strength
• Cronus ruled the others his son (Zeus) overthrew
  him
• Ocean, Tethys, Hyperion, Mnemosyne, Themis,
  Iapetus, Atlas, Prometheus

4
Olympus

• Home of Olympians
• Associated with Mt. Olympus
• Characteristics of mountain palace
• Not heaven, but blissful

5
Olympians

• Zeus (Jupiter)
• Ruler of Olympus
• God of Thunder Lightning
• Symbols aegis (goatskin shield containing head
  of Medusa), thunderbolt, eagle, oak
• Son of Cronus
• Married to Hera

6
Olympians

• Poseidon (Neptune)
• God of the Sea
• Brother of Zeus
• AKA Earth-shaker
• Symbols trident, bull, horse

7
Olympians

• Hades (Pluto)
• Brother of Zeus
• God of the Underworld
• Ruler of the dead
• Symbol helmet

8
Olympians

• Hestia (Vesta)
• Goddess of the Hearth
• Sister of Zeus
• Symbol fire

9
Olympians

• Hera (Juno)
• Wife sister of Zeus
• Goddess of Marriage
• Symbols cow peacock

10
Olympians

• Ares (Mars)
• God of War
• Son of Zeus Hera
• Symbols vulture dog

11
Olympians

• Pallas Athena (Minerva)
• Goddess of the City and of Wisdom
• Goddess of War
• Daughter of Zeus
• Sprang from Zeus head in full armor
• Symbols olive tree owl

12
Olympians

• Aphrodite (Venus)
• Goddess of Love Beauty
• Birth stories
• 1. Born of union between Zeus Dione
• 2. Born from foam of sea
• Symbols myrtle, dove, sparrow swan

13
Olympians

• Phoebus Apollo (Phoebus Apollo)
• God of Light Truth
• Son of Zeus Leto (daughter of Titans)
• Masterful musician
• Symbols lyre, silver bow, laurel, dolphin crow

14
Olympians

• Artemis (Diana)
• Apollos twin
• Goddess of the Hunt the Moon
• Daughter of Zeus Leto
• AKA Hecate, Goddess of the Dark and the Moon
• Symbols silver arrow, the cypress deer

15
Olympians

• Hermes (Mercury)
• Zeus messenger
• God of Commerce the Market
• Known as master thief
• Son of Zeus Maia
• Symbols winged hat sandals, caduceus (golden
  staff w/serpents)

16
Olympians

• Hephaestus (Vulcan)
• God of Fire
• Son of Hera
• Symbol forge

17
Lesser Gods

• Eros (Cupid)
• Son of Aphrodite
• God of Love
• Hebe
• Daughter of Zeus Hera
• Goddess of Youth married Hercules
• Iris
• Goddess of the Rainbow messenger of the gods

18
Graces

• Daughters of Zeus Eurynome
• Splendor (majesty)
• Mirth (amusement)
• Good cheer
• Famous for grace, beauty, charm

19
Muses

• Daughters of Zeus Mnemosyne
• Music was special gift to humans

• Nine Muses
• History
• Astronomy
• Tragedy
• Comedy
• Dance
• Epic poetry
• Songs of the gods
• Love poetry
• Lyric poetry

20
Gods of the Waters

• Poseidon Lord Ruler of the Sea (Mediterranean)
  the Friendly Sea (Black Sea)
• Amphitrite wife of Poseidon
• Ocean titan Lord of
• River encircling earth
• Tethys wife titan
• Oceanids nymphs of great rivers daughters

21
Gods of the Waters

• Pontus means deep sea, son of Mother Earth
  dad of Nereus
• Nereus
• Sea god
• Old Man of the Sea
• Doris wife, daughter of Ocean
• 50 daughters sea nymphs called Nereids

22
Gods of the Waters

• Naiads
• Water nymphs dwelt in brooks, streams, fountains
• Leucothea
• Once mortal
• Became divinity of sea

• Triton
• Trumpeter of the sea
• Son of Poseidon Amphitrite
• Proteus
• Sea god who could foretell future change shape
  at will
• Son/attendant of Poseidon

23
Underworld

• Hades (Pluto) god of underworld
• Persephone Hades wife
• Entrance guarded by Cerberus, 3-headed dog
• 2 main divisions
• Erebus passage below river Styx holding area
  for deads souls (lobby)
• Tartarus deeper than Erebus prison Titans are
  chained up

24
Underworld

• Charon
• ancient boatman
• transported souls
• across rivers of woe
• lamentation to gate
• of underworld
• Took those who had passage and who had been
  properly buried
• Judges determine sentence
• Wicked to everlasting torment
• Good to Elysian Fields

25
Underworld

• The Erinys (The Furies)
• Punish evildoers
• Ministers of justice
• Sleep Death (brothers)

26
Supreme Deities of Earth

• Demeter, Goddess of Corn Grain
• Dionysus (Bacchus), God of Wine

27
Lesser Gods of Earth

• Pan, Hermes son
• Part human/part goat
• God of Herdsmen
• Home in the wild
• Played melodies on his reed pipes
• Always in love but rejected for his ugliness
• Nightly sounds of wilderness caused panic fear

28
Lesser Gods of Earth

• Castor Pollux (sons of Leda Zeus)
• Popular protectors of sailor
• Castor stabbed to death by cattle owner
• Pollux overcome w/grief
• Zeus took pity on Pollux let Pollux share his
  life with Castor half in heaven, half on earth

29
Lesser Gods of Earth

• Satyrs
• Goat-men who lived in wild
• Centaurs
• Half-man, half-horse
• Gorgons
• Creatures like dragons whose looks could turn
  people to stone

30
Lesser Gods of Earth

• Sirens
• Goddesses far out at sea
• Lured sailors to death with songs
• Fates
• Goddesses who determined lives destinies of
  humans
• Spun thread of life
• Assigned people their destiny
• Cut thread of life

31
Lesser Gods of Earth

• Numina
• Roman word for god
• Practical useful gods
• Ex One Who Presides over Childrens Food
• Acts of everyday life
• Not considered male or female
• No stories ever told about them