Physics Opportunities in CMS with PP and PbPb Interactions

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Physics Opportunities in CMS with P-P and Pb-Pb
Interactions

• Y. Onel
• University of Iowa
• Iowa City, IA, USA
• World Year of Physics 2005-Turkish Physical
  Society 23rd. International Physics Congress
  Mugla September 13-16, 2005

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Weve Come a Long WayResearch Program, Ramp-up
to Physics
We Have Come a Long WayMatter Dark Energy
Balanced
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The Large Hadron Collider
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CMS at LHC 2007 Start

• pp ?s 14 TeV L1034 cm-2 s-1
• Heavy ions

CMS
TOTEM
pp, general purpose HI
First Beams Summer 2007 Then Physics
ALICE HI
LHCb B-physics
ATLAS
Schedule Consolidated. CMS Ready to Close ?June
15, 2007
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LHC Significance
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Computing Challenge
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The LHC Is Progressing Dipole Magnet
Installation Has Started
March 7, 2005
?
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UXC55 - CMS Experimental Hall
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Civil Engineering Overview
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Surface Control Room SCX
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SDX covering service shaft PM54
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SX5 Building Extended over Expt shaft
Pithead cover plate in closed position
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Rotating Shielding RS54 tested at Protvino
All elements are now in hand for UXC
installation.
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The CMS Central Region
CALORIMETERS
ECAL
HCAL
Scintillating PbWO4 crystals

Plastic scintillator/brass sandwich
IRON YOKE
TRACKER
MUON ENDCAPS

MUON BARREL
Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)
Drift Tube

Resistive Plate

Chambers (DT)
Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC)

Chambers (RPC)
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CMS Slice
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Calorimetry and Muon Detectors

• ECAL
• PbWO4 crystals
• ??coverage
• ???????????(barrel)
• ???????????????(endcap)
• - preshower 1.65 ? ? ? 2.6
• finely grained/high energy resolution
• ??x?????0.0175 x 0.0175 (barrel)
• 0.027/?E ? 0.0055 (barrel)
• HCAL
• scint. tile / brass (barrel/endcap) quartz
  fiber / iron (forward)
• near hermetic coverage
• ????????(barrel/endcap)
• ????????????(forward)
• ??? 6.4 including CASTOR
• segmentation and resolution

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Silicon Inner Tracker
2.4 m
5.4 m
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Inner Tracker
TOB
TOB
TEC
TEC
TID
TIB
TIB
TID
PD
PD
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ECAL
61200 barrel crystals
14648 endcap crystals
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Muon System
Reduced RE system h 1.6
ME4/1 restored
ME3
ME2
ME1
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CMS Magnet Cold Mass Completed

• 1 Mar 05 Completion of Cold-Mass.
• All major industrial contracts for the Magnet now
  completed.
• All coil modules are electrically connected in
  series, hydraulic (welded) connections are
  completed and vacuum tight. Cold mass is ready to
  be covered by the outer radiation shield.
• Preparation of swiveling will start end of June,
  and be executed beginning of August.
• Q1-06 Finish Magnet Test on surface and Cosmics
  Challenge

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Magnet Test
Check functionality of magnet, including
cooling, power supply and control system. Map the
magnetic field Check closure tolerances, movement
under field and muon alignment system (endcap
barrel link to Tracker) Check field tolerance
of yoke mounted components. Check installation
cabling of ECAL/HCAL/Trackerdummy inside
coil, including cabling test Test combined
subdetectors in 20 degree slice(s) of CMS with
magnet. Try out operation procedures for CMS.
(24/7 running)
CMS closed for magnet test in SX5 surface building
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Heavy Lowering
Heavy lowering starts in Mar 2006, after magnet
test
15 heavy lifts of about 1 week duration
each. Heaviest piece (central wheel solenoid)
2000 tonnes. The cost of planned gantry idle
time is reasonable option to complete z end
on the surface, in parallel with critical path
work on the z end underground.
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Barrel Muons Assembly and Installation
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HF detector
To cope with high radiation levels (1 Grad
accumulated in 10 years) the active part is
Quartz fibers the energy measured through the
Cerenkov light generated by shower particles.
Iron calorimeter Covers 5 h 3 Total of
1728 towers, i.e. 2 x 432 towers for EM and HAD
h x f segmentation (0.175 x 0.175)
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HCAL
HF First elements to be lowered into UX
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HF Status
HF are first Items to be lowered in Jan. 2006
/- ends assembled in Bat 186
Fibers inserted in all 36 wedges
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HF Fiber stuffing at CERN
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Bat 186 (December 2004)

• The major components of HF2 are in Bat186.

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HCAL - HF
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HF in 186 - Services
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Heavy Ion Physics with CMS
Adana-Turkey, Athens, Basel, CERN, Demokritos,
Dubna, Ioannina, Kent State, KFKI Budapest, Kiev,
LANL, Lyon, MIT, Moscow, Mumbai, N. Zealand,
Ohio, Protvino, PSI, Rice, Sofia, Strasbourg,
Tbilisi, UC Davis, UIC, U. Iowa, U Kansas,
Warsaw, Yerevan
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Collision Environment at the LHC

• From RHIC to the LHC ?s 200 GeV ? 5.5 TeV
  AuAu ? PbPb dN/d? (? 0) 600 ? 5000(?)
• Higher energy density in initial state, longer
  time in QGP phase
• Abundant production of a variety of high pT
  probe particles (jets, Z0)
• Access to lower x, higher Q2 in the forward
  region

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Goals of Nuclear Physics Program

• Quark Gluon Plasma
• QCD at high T, high density
• Many Body QCD
• Use Heavy Ion Collisions to Create Hot Nuclear
  Matter
• SPS (10 GeV/u), RHIC (200 GeV/u), LHC (5.5
  TeV/u)

Lattice QCD
Hard Interactions
Parton Cascade (QGP?)
Hadrons e, m, g
Nuclei
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Summary of RHIC Results

• Studies To-Date
• Varying Energy 19.6 (SPS), 56, 63, 130, 200
  GeV/u
• AuAu, CuCu, dAu, pp Collisions
• The Matter is Surprisingly Strongly
  (Re)Interacting
• Slow Growth of Multiplicity with Energy
• Chemical Equilibrium of Hadronic Species
• Very Large Flow Hydrodynamic Limit
• Strong Suppression of Particles with Relatively
  High pT
• Much Still to Do
• Quarkonium Studies
• Particle Correlations vs Collision Geometry
• Etc etc etc

Rare Probes Need Increased L or sqrt(s) RHIC II
or LHC
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Kinematics at the LHC
Access to widest range of Q2 and x
Z0
?
J/y
Gluon density has to saturate at low x
Saturation
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Detector Coverage
Large range of hermeticcoverage Tracker, muons
? 3 Forward HCAL 3 ? ? Unique forward, low x capability
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A New Viewpoint for QCD Matter at LHC
Factor 30 Higher sqrt(s) Initial state dominated
by low-x components. Abundant production of
variety of perturbatively produced high pT
particles for detailed studies Higher initial
energy density state with longer time in QGP
phase Access to new regions of x
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CMS Detector (Augmented)
Forward Detectors
CASTOR
(5.32 TOTEM
Collar shielding
(5.32 T2
ZDC
(z ?140 m)
EM
HAD
Beams
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Tracker in HI Environment
Central PbPb Event dN/dh5000 (HIJINGOSCARIGUAN
A) 50,000 Charged Particles BUT Pixels are
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Forward Detectors CASTOR and TOTEM
ZDC
(z ? 140 m)
CASTOR Coverage

• Near Hermetic coverage (out to ?
• Physics
• Centrality
• Nuclear PDFs - particularly gluon distributions
• Momentum fractions x 10-6 10-7 at scales of a
  few GeV2 in pp
• Diffractive processes (10-20 of total cross
  section at high energies)
• Limiting Fragmentation
• Peripheral and Ultra-Peripheral collisions
• DCC, Centauros, Strangelets

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CASTOR Prototype and Tests
http//cms.doc.cern.ch/castor/
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Zero Degree Calorimetry for CMS
100 cm of space available (9.6 x 12.5 x 100
cm) Quartz fiber/tungsten plates EM section
segmented horizontally, HAD section
longitudinally Luminosity detector in 2nd 10
cm Improves resolution at large b Readout
through HF electronics signals available for
L1 trigger
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Centrality determination
HF
CASTOR
Etot
ET
HIJING (generator level, acceptance of HF and
CASTOR) - C.Teplov
Correlation between energy deposition in forward
calorimetry and impact parameter ZDC improves
resolution at large b
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Quarkonia in CMS
Yield/month (with 50 duty factor)
J/?
? family
 
sM 60 MeV
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Heavy Ion Physics Program in CMS

• Soft physics and global event characterization
• Charged particle multiplicity
• Azimuthal asymmetry (Flow)
• Centrality
• Spectra Correlations ?0, direct photons,
  decay topology
• High pT Probes
• Quarkonia (J/?, ?) and heavy quarks (bb)
• High pT Jets - detailed studies of jet
  fragmentation, centrality dependence, azimuthal
  asymmetry, flavor dependence, leading particle
  studies
• High energy photons, Z0
• Leading particle correlations a la RHIC
• jet-?, jet-Z0, multijet events
• Forward Physics
• Limiting Fragmentation, Saturation, Color Glass
  Condensate
• Ultra Peripheral Collisions
• Exotica

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Outlook for HI Physics

• LHC will extend energy range - in particular high
  pT reach - of HI physics to provide a new window
  on QCD matter
• CMS detector offers superb capabilities for
• studying HI physics
• Full calorimeter coverage
• Superior momentum resolution due to 4T magnetic
  field
• High mass resolution for quarkonia
• Centrality, multiplicity, spectra, energy flow to
  very low pT
• No modification to detector hardware
• New High Level Trigger (HLT) algorithms for HI
• Zero Degree Calorimeter, CASTOR and TOTEM provide
  unique access to forward physics

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CMS Computing Model Data Flow
Raw Data size 1.5MB for 2x1033 Event Rate 150Hz
for 2x1033
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We Need to be Ready to Discover and Study New
Physics on Day 1
CMS

Elwk Data Mh The Higgs, SUSY, Other New Physics Might Be
Discovered Early
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SM Higgs (I)
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SM Higgs (II)
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Low mass Higgs (MH 53
Intermediate mass HiggsZZ
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(Very) High mass Higgs
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The Golden Channel
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New Higgs channels VBF-based
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VBF H?tt
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VBF increased reach
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Higgs channels considered
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Summary
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FUTURE UPGRADES
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Evolution of LHC luminosity
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Mass Reach vs L - SLHC
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Higgs Self Coupling
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Detector Environment