Communication

1
Communication

• The process of the exchange of information
  between a sender and a receiver through a medium
  (channel) which results in shared feedback.

2
Channels of Communication

• FORMAL CHANNELS
• Downward Communication
• Upward Communication
• INFORMAL CHANNELS
• Horizontal Communication
• Management by Walking Around
• Grapevine

3
Communication Management

• Conceptual Skill--Ability to solve problems and
  demonstrate decision-making skills
• Technical Skill--Ability to demonstrate knowledge
  through tactile techniques
• Human Skill--Ability to interact with people

4
Corporate Culture Myths

• Myth One Corporate Culture is a homogeneous
  organizational characteristic
• Myth Two All members of the organization share
  the same values, beliefs, and traditions
• Myth Three The leaders of the organization have
  the ability to shape the corporate culture
• Myth Four All organizations should strive for
  one culture

5
Culture vs. Climate

• Culture is defined as the values and beliefs
  shared by the members of a society a set of
  shared assumptions and understandings about
  organizational functionings (the why do things
  happen the way they do)
• Climate refers to the ways organizations
  operationalize the themes that pervade everyday
  behavior--the routines of organizations and the
  behaviors that get rewarded, supported, and
  expected by organizations (the what happens
  around here)

6
Communication Networks

• Chain Network--Traditional organizational
  structure (Layered)
• Wheel Network--Very centralized, autocratic
• Circle Network--Participative organization
• Star Network--Laissez-faire free rein
  organization

7
Ethics

• Guidelines which help to identify what is right
  and what is wrong behavior.
• Acting responsibly for the common good
• Telling the truth
• Avoiding misleading others
• Sharing vital information

8
Five Steps in the Communication Process

• The sender has an idea (encoding)
• The message is planned, organized, and sent
• The message (type) is sent through a channel
  (medium)
• The receiver reacts to the message (decoding)
• Effective communication results in shared
  feedback

9
Communication Signals

• Sign language All symbols
• Action Language Kinesics, gestures
• Object Language Intentional and unintentional
  displays
• The meaning may be construed in many ways by the
  sender and receiver.
• Ex the sign of victory, the ok sign, the words
  sorry, torch, buns, the biggest rock.

10
Words, Words, Words

• Idioms Pet expressions, jargon
• Euphemisms
• Offensive, sexist language
• Biased language
• Stereotyped language
• Illiterate language
• Formal language
• Colloquial language
• Ese, Ize language
• Redundant language
• Cliche

11
The written message

• Writing style
• Format
• Message (Purpose--Why)
• Audience (Who)
• Content (What)
• Timeliness (When)
• Medium (How)
• Tone

12
A Brave New World of Words

• Twenty-five percent of words added to the
  dictionary in 1998 were computer -generated
• A normal adult uses 20,000 words regularly
• The English language contains a million
  words--give or take.
• The ten most looked up words on Webster web site
  were (in order) paradigm, love, thesaurus,
  ubiquitous, HTML, effect, gry, affect, home, dog

13
Sample of 100 Words Added in 1998

• Action figure day job
• adrenalized euro
• apoptosis F/X
• bloviate gazillion
• bottom-feeder newbie
• buffalo wing ramen
• cellaphone noodle trash talk
• chat room yuppie flu
• comfort food netiquette

14
And the infamous word in 1998

• Is--
• The Starr Report salacious
• Censure was the most looked up word on 12/10/98

15
And if you were afraid to ask

• Gry is a measure equal to one-tenth of a line.
• Only two words in the English language end in
  gry--hungry and angry
• And to be honest, the word gry is
  outdated/obsolete and no longer used by ordinary
  people!

16
And more on words...

• The word with the most definitions is set
• The 50 most frequently used words in English
  account for 45 percent of the total volume of
  words used.
• In a recent study conducted OC Register
  (12/22/98) college students were asked the
  meaning of a few words added to Websters
  dictionary such as

17
The Words.

• Ramen
• Bloviate
• Frisee
• Gopik
• Kroon
• Meme
• Stotin

18
Lets see how you fared!

• Bloviate
• to speak or write verbosely or windily
• Frisee
• curly chicory leaves, used in a salad, also
  called frisee lettuce
• Gopik
• a kind of money, from Russia and Azerbaijan
• Kroon
• a kind of money, Estonia
• Meme
• an idea or behavior, style, or usage that spreads
  from person to person within a culture
• Stotin
• A money, from Slovenia

19
And Today our Language is...

• Less Formal and Eloquent
• More Comprehensible and Concise
• A communication revolution has taken place in the
  last 100 years.
• Language is more technical and specialized
  therefore, the English common core language has
  increased from 65,000 words to over 160,000 words

20
The Cs of Writing

• Completeness--Providing all the info needed to
  promote effective communication
• Conciseness--Providing all the info in a clear,
  brief manner
• Courteousness--The tone of the message (empathy
  with the reader)
• Clarity--Delivering the message in the manner
  intended.
• Considerately--Using language the reader will
  understand
• Correctness--The facts, spelling, grammar, and
  essential details add to the senders credibility.

21
The two-fold process

• Build or create goodwill
• Get the desired response

22
Stereotyping vs. Ethnocentrism

• Stereotyping Classifying a particular group of
  people in a like manner
• Ethnocentrism The belief that ones culture is
  superior to other cultures

23
The rule of 12

• People are judged when they are 12 feet away
  based on overall appearance
• People are judged when they are 12 inches away
  based on body grooming and scent
• People are judged by the first 12 words they speak

24
Nonverbal Communication

• Eye contact
• Proxemics
• Greetings
• Colors and dress
• Status
• Gender Differences
• Time attitudes
• Decision-making
• Food and eating habits
• Grooming

25
Written/oral Differences

• Business correspondence
• Advertising
• Regional accents
• Word usage