THE GLORY THAT WAS ROME

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THE GLORY THAT WAS ROME

• FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

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ROMAN INFLUENCES

• GOVERNMENT
• CANNONS OF LAW
• BASIS OF LANGUAGE
• LEGAL SYSTEM

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ROMULUS AND REMUS

• MYTHOLOGICAL BROTHERS THAT WANDERED OFF AND
  BECAME LOST
• THEY WERE RAISED BY A SHE WOLF
• ROMULUS KILLS HIS BROTHER REMUS
• IT IS FOR ROMULUS THAT ROME GETS ITS NAME

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ROMAN REPUBLIC

• BEGAN IN 509 BC AND LASTED UNTIL 31 BC
• RULED BY A SENATE OF 2 HOUSES (BICAMERAL)
• PATRICIANS - 200 FAMILIES DESENDED FROM EARLY ROME

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ROMAN GOVERNMENT

• CONSULS 2 CHOSEN BY SENATE TO BE IN CHARGE FOR 1
  YEAR, AFTER WHICH THEY HAD TO WAIT 5 YEARS TO RUN
  AGAIN
• DICTATOR SENATE ELECTED FOR 6 MONTHS IN TIMES OF
  CRISIS

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• PLEBIANS 90 OF POPULATION,INCLUDES
  MERCHANTS,SLAVES, FARMERS.
• THEY HAD NO LAND OR FAMILY NAME
• ONLY MALES COULD BE CITIZENS

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GOVERNMENT

• PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY
• SENATE
• LOCAL MAGISTRATES

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DAILY LIFE

• FAMILY 1
• EARLY EDUCATION DONE AT HOME
• COMMERCE VERY IMPORTANT AS IS MANUFACTURING

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PUNIC WARS

• CARTHAGE WAS LOCATED IN NORTH AFRICA
• IT WAS A POWERFUL CITY-STATE THAT THREATENED THE
  ROMANS POWER IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
• ROME HAS BEST ARMY IN THE WORLD
• CARTHAGE HAS THE BEST NAVY IN THE WORLD

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PUNIC WARS

• ROME V. CARTHAGE
• THREE WARS 264-146 BC
• WARS FOUGHT OVER EXPANSION AND TRADING POWER

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1ST PUNIC WAR

• 264-241 BC 23 YEARS
• HAMILICAR BARCA LEADER OF CARTHAGE
• ROME COPIES CARTHAGES NAVAL SHIPS BUT ADDS A RAMP
  WITH A SPIKE
• ROMANS INVADE SICILIY, SARDINIA, CORSICA, BECOME
  VASTLY MORE WEALTHY

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RESULTS OF 1ST PUNIC WAR

• THE AREAS BETWEEN CARTHAGE ROME BECOME A POWDER
  KEG
• ROME LOST 20,000 MEN
• CARTHAGE ANY WHERE FROM 400,000 TO 500,000 MEN

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2ND PUNIC WAR

• HAMLICAR DIES AND HANNIBAL WHO WAS RAISED TO HATE
  THE ROMANS TAKE COMMAND
• ALONG WITH HASHDRUBAL THEY LEAD AN ATTACK ON THE
  ROMANS IN SAGENTO IN 219 BC

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2ND PUNIC WAR

• HANNIBAL USES ELEPHANTS LIKE TANKS TO CROSS THE
  ALPS
• TRUMPETS TO ACTION!!!!
• HANNIBAL CAUGHT IN EARLY STORM 36 OF HIS 40
  ELEPHANTS DIE AND HALF HIS MEN FREEZE TO DEATH
• BATTLE OF CANNALROMANS ARE ROUTED BY THE ARMIES
  OF CARTHAGE (DEFENSE)

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END OF 2ND PUNIC WAR

• IN 207 THE ROMANS CAPTURE AND BEHEAD HASDRUBAL
• THEY SEND IT TO HANNIBAL CAMP IN A SACK
• 202 Scipio Africanus decisively defeats Hannibal
  at Zama
• SCIPIO AFRICANUS CONQUERER OF CARTHAGETOTALLY
  DESTROYED

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RESULTS OF 2ND PUNIC WAR

• ROME AQUIRES SPAIN, PORTUGAL, SAGENTO, MASSIVE
  AMOUNTS OF GOLD, WARSHIPS AND THEIR CARGO
• ROME LOSES 300,000 MEN
• CARTHAGE LOSES 600,000 MEN
• HANNIBAL FLEES TO ASIA MINOR AND IN 182 COMMITS
  SUICIDE REFUSING TO BECOME A PRISONER

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3RD PUNIC WAR

• CARTHAGE ATTACKS ROME IN 150 BC
• BUT ACTUALLY THE ROMANS HAD PAID PEOPLE TO ATTACK
  THEM SO AS TO JUSTIFY ANOTHER WAR WITH CARTHAGE
• ROME ATTACKS CARTHAGE IN NORTH AFRICA

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TOWARDS AN EMPIRE

• ECONOMIC PROBLEMS CAUSED BY PUNIC WARS
• GRACCHUS BROTHERSTIBERIUS AND GAIUS
• PLEBIANS, SUGGESTED THAT SENATE SHOULD GIVE LAND
  TO THE POOR TIBERIUS CLUBED TO DEATH FOR HIS
  TROUBLES
• SAME FATE FOR GAIUS FOR SUGGESTING POOR IN THE
  ARMY (ESACPED THROUGH SUICIDE)

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• CAIUS MARIUS ELECTED TO THE TRIBUNE (THE
  PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY)
• STANDARDIZED WEAPONS, NEW TACTICS OF BATTLE
• CRUSHES THE TEUTONI IN GAUL (MODERN FRANCE)
  RETURNED TO ROME A HERO
• DIES AT AGE OF 60 AFTER DEFEATING A 20 YEAR OLD
  IN A 7 MILE RACE, IN WHICH HE GAVE THE KID A MILE
  HEAD START

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• SULLA HE WILL PAVE THE ROAD FOR THE RISE OF
  JULIUS CAESAR
• DEFEATS MITHRIDATES IN ASIA MINOR AND BECAME
  ABSOLUTE MASTER OF ROME
• NAME TO POST OF DICTATOR AND UNLEASEHES HIS FURY
  ON THOSE WHO OPPOSED HIM
• 79 BC HE BECOMES DICTATOR FOR LIFE, ELIMINATES
  ALL COMPETITION

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1ST TRIUMVIRATE

• CAESAR, JULIUS
• POMPEY
• CRASSUS

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POMPEY

• 77 BC APPOINTED TO DEAL WITH PIRATES IN THE MED.
• IN CONTROL WHEN THE REBELLION OF SPARTACUS TOOK
  PLACE
• CIVIL WAR BEGAN TO DOMINATE ROME

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• SPARTACUS SLAVE BORN IN THRACE. WILL LEAD
  LARGEST SLAVE REBELLION IN ROMAN HISTORY

• BATIATUS OWNED CAPUA THE BEST GLADIATOR SCHOOL IN
  ALL OF ROME, BOUGHT SPARTACUS
• MARCELLUS ONE OF THE GREATEST GLADIATORS IN
  HISTORY, SURVUIVED 12 YEARS AND WON HIS FREEDOM,
  TRAINED SPARTACUS

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JULIUS CAESAR

• WEALTHY PARTRICIAN
• GREAT POLITICAL LEADER
• 60 BC ALONG WITH CRASSUS POMPEY FORMED THE 1ST
  TRIUMVIRATE
• NONE OF THESE MEN TRUSTED EACH OTHER
• CRASSUS MOST WEALTHY LEAST TRUSTED

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• CAESAR MARRIED HIS DAUGHTER OFF TO POMPEY
• TWO LEADING SENATORS CICERO AND CATO WERE
  OPPONENTS OF THE TRIUMVIRATE
• CAESAR HAD THE KICKED OUT
• THREE MEN SEPARATE
• 53 BC CRASSUS DIES AND TRIUMVIRATE FALLS APART,
  POMPEY ALLIES WITH SENATE, BIG MISTAKE
• CAESAR FORCES OF CAESAR AND POMPEY GO TO WAR IN
  SPAINPOMPEY WILL BE MURDERED IN EGYPT BY THE
  KING OF EGYPT, HIS HEAD GIVEN TO CAESAR AS A GIFT
  WHEN HE ARRIVES IN ALEXANDRIA.
• CAESAR TAKES EGYPTS KING HOSTAGE AND EVENTUALLY
  MUST FLEE EGYPT TO ESCAPE

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CAESAR BECOMES EMPEROR

• EGYPT BECOMES ALLY
• 44 BC HE IS MADE DICTATOR FOR LIFE
• REFORMS ALL OF ROME
• ABOLISHED POLITICAL PARTIES, REVISED TAXATION,
  TRIPLED THE SENATE, PARTRICAINS HATED CAESAR

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IDES OF MARCH

• MADE RICH MAD BY RAISING TAXES
• ASSASSINATED MARCH 15, 44 BC
• STABBED OVER 20 TIMES, HIS DEATH SIGNIFIED THE
  END OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

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2ND TRIUMVIRATE

• OCTAVIAN
• ANTONY relative of Caesar
• LEPIDUS
• 1YR LATER OCTAVIAN RULES ALONE

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AUGUSTUS CAESAR

• ALONG WITH ANTONY DEFEATED BRUTUS AND CRASSIUS,
  THE ASSASSIANS OF CAESAR
• ANTONY AND OCTAVIAN GO TO WAR OVER POWER, ANTHONY
  USES EGYPT AND CLEOPATRA TO BACK HIS PLAY
• DEFEATED MARC ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA AT BATTLE OF
  ACTIUM IN 31 BC

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AUGUSTUS CAESAR

• OCTAVIAN CHANGES NAME TO AUGUSTUS CAESAR
• RULES DURING PAX ROMANA (ROMAN PEACE)
• VETOED ALL LAWS MADE BY SENATE

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Pax Romana

• 200 of Roman peace
• Supported the growth of business and a monetary
  system
• Police and Fire departments organized
• Emperors were worshipped as gods and allowed to
  chose successors

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ROMAN ADVANCES

• Police and fire protection
• Excellent roads
• Law innocent until proven guilty
• Aqueducts

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Entertainment

• Plays
• Boxing
• Chariot Races
• Gladiators

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SPORTING ARENAS OF ROME

• Coliseum

• Circus Maximus

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DEATH OF OCTAVIAN

• Series of poor rulers
• Caligula crazed-murderous
• Claudius weak minded
• Nero failed and Rome burned in civil unrest

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•  Known as Caligula (Little Boot), a childhood
  nickname bestowed on him by the soldiers of his
  father, Germanicus Caesar, nephew and adoptive
  son of Tiberius.

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Roman Leaders

• Vespasian AD 69 Destroyed temple in Jerusalem
• Titus Commanded legions against Jerusalem and
  Christians
• Trajan 98-117 AD Colorful Emperor, noted for
  huge battle against Jews at Alexandria, Egypt
  115-116 AD
• Hadrian Builds Hadrian's wall

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• Marcus Aurelius 161-180 AD Enlightened ruler
• Commodus Megalomaniac murdered on Dec. 31st 192
  AD
• Diocletian 284-305 AD Commander of Imperial
  guard that become Emperor
• Constantine I Ruler of Rome that moved capital
  to Byzantium
• Romulus Augustus 476 AD Last western Emperor of
  Rome

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Persecution

• Christians killed by Romans
• Christianity banned
• Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity in
  313

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CHRISTIANITY

• MONOTHEISTIC
• BELIEF IN JESUS AS THE SON OF GOD AND THE TRUE
  MESSIAH
• TOTALLY FOREIGN TO THE ROMAN LEADERS
• TORTURED TO CONVERT AND USED AS SPORT FOR THE
  ROMANS AMUSEMENT (LIONS)
• ROME CONVERTS WITH CONSTANTINE

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POPE

• HEAD OF THE LATIN CHURCH IN ROME (THE CATHOLIC
  CHURCH)
• VICAR OF CHRIST ON EARTH
• MOST POWERFUL CHRISTIAN LEADER ON EARTH THROUGH
  THE MIDDLE AGES
• APPOINTED BY PETER THE ROCK OF GOD

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Decline of the Roman Empire

• Political Instability
• Economic Moral Decline
• Inflation
• Taxes
• Food shortage Instability

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• The Roman empire will split in 330 AD with
  Constantine moving its capital to the city of
  Byzantium (Constantinople)
• It will fall to the Byzantines in 476 AD

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