Safety Fundamentals

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Safety Fundamentals
 
Graphic from www.glenngraphics.com
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This module on Safety Fundamentalsis divided
into three sections

• Standards
• Occupational Health Safety
• Personal Protective Equipment

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Well start here

• Standards
• Occupational Health Safety
• Personal Protective Equipment

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Whos who in the Standards world?

• Firstly, what are standards?
• Standards are documented agreements that
  establish technical specifications and other
  precise criteria to ensure that materials,
  products, processes and services are fit for
  their purpose

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Definition cond

• Standards ensure
• the compatibility of products for performance
• for example, that all credit cards have the same
  thickness, or that a CD you buy in Europe can be
  played on your CD player in Canada
• The quality of products
• The safety / reliability of products
• By applying standards, organizations and
  manufacturers help ensure that their products and
  services are consistent, compatible, safe, and
  effective.

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Starting at the top ISO
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ISO

• A worldwide federation of national standards
  bodies from 145 countries.
• A non-governmental organization established in
  1947
• Mission to promote the development of
  standardization in the world

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ISO cond

• ISO is made up of member bodies
• A member body of ISO is the national body that is
  most representative of standardization in its
  country
• The technical work of ISO is carried out by 2850
  technical committees and subcommittees.
• The major responsibility of administrating a
  standards committee (committees that develop ISO
  standards) is accepted by one of the national
  member bodies.

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ISO cond

• Only one member body per country, please!

• Canadas member body to the ISO is the Standards
  Council of Canada (SCC)

• United States member body to the ISO is the
  American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

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So now there were three
(Other countries member bodies to the ISO)
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Standards Council of Canada - SCC

• Heres how they describe themselves
• The SCC is the focal point for standardization
  and conformity assessment in Canada. We dont
  develop standards or verify the conformity of
  products or services to standards, but we
  accredit the organizations that do

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Whoa! Time out for more definitions!

• Conformity Assessment the process of
  determining whether a product, process, service,
  or system meets the requirements of an applicable
  a standard.
• Company XYZ develops a new light bulb.
  Conformity assessment would determine whether the
  new light bulb meets all the applicable standards
  that define light bulb characteristics, quality,
  safety, etc.

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Definitions cond

• Accreditation formal recognition of the
  competence of an organization to perform a
  particular function or carry out specific tasks.
• So, when the SCC accredits an organization, it is
  putting its official stamp of approval on that
  organization that actually does the work of
  developing standards and testing products to see
  that they meet international standards
  (conformity assessment).

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Okay, back to the SCC

• In addition, SCC
• represents Canada in the ISO
• Oversees Canadas National Standards System
• The National Standards System is organizations
  and individuals involved in voluntary standards
  development, promotion, and implementation in
  Canada.
• calls itself Canadas best source for standards
  information.

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American National Standards Institute - ANSI

• Heres how they describe themselves
• ANSI is a private, non-profit organization that
  administrates and coordinates the voluntary
  standardization and conformity assessment systems
  in the U.S.

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ANSI cond

• Parallel to the SCC, ANSI also
• represents the United States on the ISO
• Is a good source for standards information
• Like the SCC, one of ANSIs important functions
  is accreditation. ANSI and SCC both accredit
  standard developers and certification bodies.

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Just to be clear

• Standard Developers those organizations or
  individuals that actually develop the standards
  for quality, safety, use, etc.
• Certification Bodies those organizations or
  individuals that carry out conformity assessment,
  or certify that a product or service meets the
  applicable standards.
• Often, one organization will be both a Standards
  Developer and a Certification Body.

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So who do they accredit?

• SCC accredits over 300 organizations
• ANSI accredits some 270 organizations
• They include
• Standard developers
• Certification organizations
• Testing and calibration laboratories
• And others

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The big ones

• Accredited organizations include
• In Canada,
• Canadian Standards
• Association (CSA)
• Underwriters Laboratories
• of Canada (ULC)
• In the U.S.,
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

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So now there were six
The parent body ?
Member Bodies of the ISO ? Oversee standardiza- t
ion and accredit the organizatns below ?
Other countries member bodies to the ISO
Other standard developers and certification
bodies
Accredited Organizations ? Standards
developers and certification bodies
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The bottom rightcorner of the picture
Other standard developers and certification
bodies

• SCC and ANSI also accredit organizations that
  develop standards and certify products specific
  to your current or future engineering discipline.
• For example,
• Canadian Plywood Association American Society of
  Agricultural Engineers
• American Society of Civil Engineers American
  Society of Mechanical Engineers
• American Society of Safety Engineers Institute
  of Electrical Electronics Engineers
• Institute of Industrial Engineers Society of
  Automotive Engineers

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An overview of CSA

• Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
• is a non-profit association
• works in Canada and around the world to develop
  standards that enhance public safety health,
  preserve the environment, and facilitate trade
• tests products for compliance to national and
  international standards, and issues certification
  marks to qualified products

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Time-out! Yet another definition

• Certification marks tell potential customers and
  users that a product has been evaluated by a
  formal process. It has been tested by experts
  and meets recognized standards for safety and
  performance.

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CSA cond

• The CSA certification mark appears on over one
  billion products worldwide.

• Electrical, electronics telecommunications
  Occupational health safety Health care Sports
  recreation Business environmental
  management Construction building products
• Everything from adhesive labels to bicycle
  helmets tofire alarms topanelboards toCT
  scanners toinformation technology towater
  heaters.
• To see the full range of CSA-certified products,
  go to http//directories.csa-international.org

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And overview of UL and ULC

• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and Underwriters
  Laboratories of Canada (ULC)
• are non-profit organizations
• carry out product safety testing,certification,
  and standards development

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UL / ULC cond

• The UL and ULC certification marks appear on
  billions of products worldwide.

UL and ULC investigate and tests thousands of
types of products, materials, constructions, and
systems to evaluate electric, fire, and casualty
hazards burglar resistance or ability to
detect, control, or limit fires. From home
appliances to firefighting equipment to
ultrasound machines to plumbing
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What does a Standard look like, and where do you
find them?

• Standards are published documents, usually
  available on their own or compiled, by similar
  topics, into books.
• Finding out about a standard and finding the
  right document can be challenging.
• The websites of standard developers are good
  places to start looking for standards (see later
  slide for listings)
• Talk to someone knowledgeable in the field
  students, your profs are good resources
• Use the university libraries

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Some typical Standards

• Remember, Standards regulate product performance,
  quality, and safety
• For example, from CSA

CAN/CSA-Z267-00 Safety Code for Amusement Rides
Devices This Standard provides requirements for
the design, manufacture, construction,
modification, erection and dismantling,
operation, inspecting, testing, and maintenance
of amusement devices and rides.
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• From Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC)

CAN/ULC-S701-01 Polystyrene Boards and Pipe
Coverings

• From Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

UL-48 Standard for Electric Signs
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• From American Society of Civil Engineers

SEI/ASCE 7-02 Minimum Design Loads for
Buildings And Other Structures (BOOK)
 

• From American Society of Agricultural Engineers

 

• ASAE Standards 2003, S365.5 JAN01 (Safety)
  Braking system test procedures and braking
  performance criteria for agricultural field
  equipment
• (Book)

sorry, graphic not available
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• From Society of Automotive Engineers

sorry, graphic not available

• AS9100Quality Systems - Aerospace - Model for
  Quality Assurance in Design, Development,
  Production, Installation and Servicing
•  

 

• From American Society of Mechanical Engineers

 

• OM-1998
• Code for the Operation and Maintenance of
  Nuclear Power Plants

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Soare we done?

• Just one more thing!
• Lets go back to the ISO for a minute.

• The scope of ISO is not limited to any particular
  branch. It covers all technical fields except
  electrical and electronic engineering standards,
  which is the responsibility of the International
  Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

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International Electrotechnical Commission

• The IEC has parallel functions to the ISO.
• It serves as the global parent body for
  standardization in electrical, electronic, and
  related technologies.
• The work of standard development and conformity
  assessment is once again carried out by member
  bodies.

 
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IEC cond

• Again, only one member body per country, please!

• Canadas member body to the IEC is the Standards
  Council of Canada (SCC)

• United States member body to the IEC is the
  American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

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So now the picture looks like this
The parent bodies ?
Member Bodies of the ISO IEC ?
Oversee standardiza- tion and accredit
the organizatns below ?
Other countries member bodies to the ISO and IEC
Other standard developers and certification
bodies
Accredited Organizations ? Standards
developers and certification bodies
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Now were done with Standards.

• To learn more
• International Organization for Standardization
  (ISO) www.iso.ch
• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
  www.iec.ch
• Standards Council of Canada (SCC) www.scc.ca
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
  www.ansi.org
• Canadian Standards Association (CSA) www.csa.ca
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) www.ul.com
• Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC)
  www.ulc.ca

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and just a couple more

• American Society of Agricultural Engineers
  www.asae.org
• American Society of Civil Engineers
  www.asce.org
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers
  www.asme.org
• American Society of Safety Engineers
  www.asse.org
• Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineers
  www.ieee.org
• Institute of Industrial Engineers
  www.iienet.org
• Society of Automotive Engineers www.sae.org
• And there are more
• but well stop here.