Reptiles, Birds and Mammals

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Reptiles, Birds and Mammals
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Characteristics of Reptiles

• Ectothermic vertebrate with thick, dry,
  waterproof skin.
• Most use claws to dig, climb and run.
• Scales prevent the exchange of O2 and CO2 use
  lungs to breathe.
• Most have a 3-chambered heart. (crocs have a
  4-chambered heart)
• Internal fertilization
• Tough, leathery amniotic eggs
• Live on every continent except Antarctica.

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Types of Modern Reptiles
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Turtles

• Turtles are the only reptiles that have a
  two-part shell made of hard, bony plates. The
  vertebrae and ribs are fused to the inside of the
  top part of the shell.

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Lizards and Snakes

• Lizards have movable eyelids, snakes do not.

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Crocodilians
A
B
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Characteristics of Birds

• Have an almost hollow, but strong endoskeleton.
• Endothermic vertebrate
• Contour feathers give a bird shape and help it to
  steer,
• Down feathers help birds to maintain their body
  temperature.
• Preens feathers with an oil that is released from
  the base of its tail.
• Have a 4-chambered heart.
• Have lungs that connect to balloon-air sacs
• Digestive system includes a crop and gizzard.

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Characteristics of Mammals

• Endothermic vertebrate
• Have hair
• Have mammary glands that produce milk
• Care for their young
• Have a 4-chambered heart
• Digestive systems vary according to the type of
  food they eat.

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Types of Mammals
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Monotremes

• Mammals that lay eggs, like the duck-billed
  platypus.

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Marsupials

• Give birth to immature young that usually crawl
  into an external pouch or latches to the females
  nipple until fully developed.

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Placentals

• Embryos completely develop inside females
  uterus.
• An organ called a placenta works with an
  umbilical chord to provide embryo with food and
  oxygen.

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Aquatic Placentals