Noncommunicable Disease

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Noncommunicable Disease

• A Noncommunicable Disease is a disease that is
  not spread through contact.
• Are caused by how people live, conditions they
  are born with, or environmental hazards.
• Are not spread by contact because most are not
  caused by germs. Instead they are the breakdown
  in body cells and tissues.

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Non-Communicable Disease

• Degenerative Diseases
• Cause further breakdown, or degeneration in body
  cells and tissues as they progress
• Chronic Diseases
• Are present either continuously or off and on
  over a long period of time
• May develop as a result of a persons lifestyle
  behaviors or substances in a persons environment

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Noncommunicable Disease

• Diseases Present at Birth
• Genetic Disorder- one in which the body does not
  develop or function normally because of an
  inherited problem
• Birth Defect- disorders of the developing and
  newborn baby, causes unknown
• In most cases there are no cure for either
  genetic disorders or birth defects
• Diseases Resulting from Lifestyle Behaviors
• Risk Factors are certain characteristics that
  increase a persons chances of developing the
  disease.
• Many diseases are the direct or indirect result
  of harmful lifestyle behaviors. Healthful
  lifestyle behaviors, on the other hand, can help
  prevent or control certain diseases and disorders.

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Non-Communicable Disease

• Diseases Caused by the Environment
• Many diseases are caused by hazards in the
  environment
• Examples of harmful substances that may be
  present in the environment Fumes for chemicals,
  second hand smoke, radon, asbestos

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Heart Disease

• Heart disease is the 1 killer of adults in the
  US!
• The term heart disease includes any condition
  that lessens the strength or function of the
  heart or blood vessels.
• Healthy lifestyle behaviors lower risk of heart
  disease

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Heart Disease

• Like other cells, the cells of your heart need
  oxygen and nutrients. The arteries that supply
  your heart muscles with blood are called coronary
  arteries.
• Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis
• Atherosclerosis- condition in which fatty
  substances (ex- cholesterol) in the blood are
  deposited on the walls of the arteries
• Cholesterol- a fatty substance that causes that
  causes atherosclerosis, some cholesterol is
  produced by the body, certain foods also contain
  cholesterol
• Arteriosclerosis- hardening of the arteries.
  Slows flow of blood and is a major cause of high
  blood pressure.
• A blood clot may result from the reduced flow of
  blood.
• When the flow of blood is reduced, blood clots
  may form within the blood vessels. When a
  coronary artery is blocked, the result can be a
  heart attack. When an artery in the brain is
  blocked the result can be a stroke.

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Heart Disease

• High blood Pressure
• Blood Pressure- force of the blood on the inside
  walls of the blood vessels.
• Typical blood pressure for teens is 110/70
• Your blood pressure is not the same at all times.
  It may increase while exercising or under stress
  and my lower when at rest.
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)- when the
  blood pressure is consistently higher then
  normal.
• 4 factors that increase your chances of having
  high blood pressure
• Eating a large amount of salt
• Being overweight
• Feeling extreme stress for long periods of time
• Having a family history of high blood pressure
• There are no outward signs of High Blood Pressure
  until it has caused serious damage. (The Silent
  Killer)

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Heart Disease

• Preventing Heart Disease
• Nine Risk Factors for Heart Disease
• Not within a persons control
• Age
• Gender
• Race
• Family history
• Within a persons control
• Weight
• Exercise
• Diet
• Tobacco

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Heart Disease

• Treating Heart Disease
• Heart Transplant- replacing diseased heart with
  healthy heart from a donor
• Bypass Surgery- remove a vein from the leg and
  form a detour around the blockage
• Dissolving Blood Clots- medications are used to
  dissolve the clots
• Angioplasty
• Medication
• Changing Lifestyle Behaviors

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Understanding Heart Disease

• Preventing Heart Disease

Diet
Tobacco
Weight
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Cancer

• 2nd leading cause of death in adults in the US
• What is Cancer?
• Involve abnormal body cells growing out of
  control.
• Many different types of cancers that affect most
  parts of the body.
• Tumors (groups of abnormal cells)
• Benign Tumor
• are not cancerous
• Malignant Tumor
• cancerous
• Cancer progresses in stages. In the final stage,
  cancer cells from malignant tumors may enter the
  bloodstream or lymph system and travel to other
  parts of the body and form new tumors. The
  spreading of cancer cells is called metastasis.

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Cancer

• What Causes Cancer?
• Factors that are inherited
• Lifestyle behaviors
• Carcinogens- substances that cause cancer, some
  can be avoided
• Diagnosing Cancer
• The earlier cancer is detected the better the
  chance of the persons survival.
• an be Diagnosed through
• Routine Physical Examination
• Blood Tests
• Biopsy- small piece of tissue is removed for
  testing in a lab

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Cancer

• Warning Signs of Cancer
• There are 7 warning signs of cancer identified by
  the American Cancer Society
• Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A sore that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Obvious change in a wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness

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Cancer

• Treatment of Cancer
• Surgery- remove cancer cells from the body
• Radiation- X-rays, or other radioactive
  substances are aimed at a tumor
• Chemotherapy- chemicals are used to destroy
  cancer cells
• All three can damage healthy cells with the
  cancer cells. Radiation and chemotherapy used to
  treat one cancer may themselves cause a second
  cancer years later.

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Cancer

• Preventing Cancer
• You can lower you risk of developing some types
  of cancer by making certain healthy choices.

Eat Healthy
Avoid Tobacco
Limit Sun Exposure
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Allergies

• In some cases the immune system reacts to
  substances to which a person is sensitive.
• And allergy is the bodys sensitivity to certain
  substances.
• An allergen is a substance that causes an
  allergic reaction.
• Many people are allergic to pollen, tiny grains
  from plants.

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Allergies

• Reactions to Allergies
• In response to allergens the body releases
  histamines (chemicals in the body that cause the
  symptoms of the allergic reaction)
• Symptoms
• Difficulty Breathing
• Skin rash
• Hives- raised bumps on the skin that are very
  itchy

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Allergies

• Diagnosing Allergies
• If cause is unknown the patients skin is
  scratched and tiny doses of possible allergens
  are inserted. If the patient is allergic to one
  of the substances, the skin at that particular
  place will turn red and swell slightly.
• Treating Allergies
• NO Cure
• Antihistamines- medications that work against the
  effect of the histamines
• Exposing the allergic person to extremely small
  quantities of the allergen to build immunity to it

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Asthma

• Asthma- a serious chronic condition that causes
  tiny air passages in the respiratory system to
  become narrow or blocked.
• More than 10 million people in the US have
  asthma. 1/3 of these people are under the age of
  18.
• Periods when asthma symptoms are being
  experienced is called asthma attacks.
• Substances or events that start the attacks are
  called asthma triggers.

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Asthma

• Common Triggers of Asthma
• Exposure to allergens
• Cold air
• Cigarette smoke
• Air pollution
• Certain foods or drugs
• Strenuous Activity

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Asthma

• Treatments
• Relaxation Techniques
• Medication
• Some block swelling in the bronchial tubes and
  decrease the amount of mucus being produced.
• Others, called bronchodilators, are used to relax
  the muscles that have tightened around the
  airways.

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Other Noncommunicable Diseases

• Arthritis
• A person with arthritis may have one of more than
  100 conditions marked by pain and swelling in
  body joints.
• About 1 person in every 7 suffer from arthritis
• Can affect people of any age
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Body joints become swollen and painful, and
  cartilage that separates the bones is destroyed
• Affected joints become destroyed and stiff, and
  they no longer function normally
• Cause is not known, it may follow infection or
  injury
• Treatment- no cure, joints may be reconstructed
  or replaced by surgery, treatment centers help
  relieve pain and preserve or improve joint
  function.

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Other Noncommunicable Diseases

• Arthritis Continued
• Osteoarthritis
• Results in the wearing away of the body joints
• Your risk increases with age, but it can affect
  people of all ages
• Symptoms pain and stiffness in the morning, pain
  or swelling in a joint, and pain and stiffness in
  the lower back or knees
• Treatment- ibuprofen or aspirin, to ease the pain
  and swelling, exercise to prevent the damage from
  becoming worse, surgery to replace the diseased
  joint wit ha mechanical one

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Other Noncommunicable Diseases

• Diabetes
• Disease that prevents the body from converting
  food into energy
• Affects people of all ages
• About 16 million people in the US have diabetes
• Causes heredity, problems with the production of
  the hormone insulin
• Insulin- regulates level of glucose in the blood
• Symptoms excess production of urine, excess
  thirst, excess hunger, weight loss, shortness of
  breath, dry itchy skin, lack of energy

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Other Noncommunicable Diseases

• Type I Diabetes
• The result of little or no insulin produced by
  the pancreas
• Must always take insulin to maintain life
  (insulin-dependent) usually develops in children
  and young adults, affects more males than females
• Type II Diabetes
• Result of too little insulin produced by the
  pancreas or the inability to use insulin
• 90 of all diabetes cases are type II
• Develops in people who are overweight and more
  than 40 years old
• Treatment
• Type I- need to take insulin every day (injection
  with a hypodermic needle)
• Type II- take a medicine that helps them use the
  insulin their body makes
• NO Cure
• If left untreated it can lead to blindness, loss
  of feeling or severe pain in the feet and hands,
  kidney failure, and hardening of the arteries