Seafloor Mapping and GIS for the FBNMS

1
GIS Benthic Terrain Workshop
Dawn Wright and Emily Larkin Davey Jones Locker
Lab Department of Geosciences Oregon State
University, USA
2
Schedule - Day 1, Mon

• 830-930 - Dawn - Intro
• 930-1000 Break - Technical Setup
• 1000-1200 Emily/Dawn - Module 1 Exploring
  the Reefs
• all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on
  work
• 1200-100 Lunch
• 130-230 Dawn Seafloor mapping techniques
  and GIS analysis
• 230-430 Emily/Dawn Module 2 Benthic
  Classifications

3
Schedule - Day 2, Tues

• 830-1030 Emily/Dawn Module 3 Spatial and
  3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including
  hypothetical MPA)
• 1030-1100 Dawn Benthic Terrain Modeler
  (BTM) tool
• 1100-1200 Emily American Samoa Benthic
  Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool
• 1200-100 Lunch
• 130 200 Wrapup, final question/discussion
  period

4
Tuesday, 230

• American Samoa GIS User Group Meeting
• DOC Conference Room, Pago Pago

5
GIS A Spatial ContextIntegrating Many Parts to
See the Whole
Shoreline
Bathymetry
Sediments
Kelp
Conservation Value
Resilience?
Fisheries
Non-consumptive Recreational Activities
Options/Decisions
Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI and NOAA
Biogeography Program
6
Spatial Reasoning
Deciding
Measuring
Planning
Thinking
Analyzing
Science
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
7
From Spatial Reasoning to Policy Management
Halpin, AAAS, 2004
From Wright and Halpin, in press, 2004, Spatial
reasoning for terra incognita Grand challenges
and progress of marine GIS, in Wright, D.J. and
Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters Geospatial
Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and
Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis,
OR Oregon State University Press.
8
GIS A Spatial ContextSeeing the Whole to Manage
Places
Seeing the Whole
Managing Places

• Estuaries
• Fisheries
• Marine Protected Areas
• Coastal Communities

• Patterns
• Linkages
• Trends

Graphics courtesy of ESRI
9
Point Conception
Santa Barbara
From Airame, S., in press, 2004, Channel Islands
Marine Sanctuary Advancing the science and
policy of marine protected areas, in Wright, D.J.
and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters
Geospatial Tools for Marine Science,
Conservation, and Management in the Pacific
Northwest, Corvallis, OR Oregon State University
Press.
Oregonian Bioregion
Area of Detail
Sanctuary Boundary
Californian Bioregion
State Boundary
Santa Cruz Island
San Miguel I.
Anacapa I.
Santa Rosa Island
Santa Barbara Island
Transition Zone
Effective April 9, 2003
10
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
11
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
12
Gulf of MaineGeorges BankExample of MPA
Exclusion Areas
75 km
50 km
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
13
Fishing Patterns 1998-99
Pre-Footrope Regulation Tows 1998-1999 Reference
Site 2 Trawl Patterns Rocky Habitat

By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman
14
Fishing Patterns, 2000-01

Post-Footrope Regulation Trawl Patterns Rocky
Habitat Where is Habitat Recovery Most
Likely? Map Prediction of Resilience/Robustness??

By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman
15
Prototype Mixed Layer Depth Calculation in ArcGIS
- Bering Sea
Vance et al., NOAA AFSC, 2004
16
Map courtesy of the National Park of American
Samoa
Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution
17
OrSt and USF Bathy Surveys, 2001 to present
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
Bottom Coverage Data Density by Survey Method
Single Beam
Leadline
Multibeam
1-2 K soundings per survey
500 - 750 K soundings per survey
400,000 1,000,000 K soundings per survey
Image courtesy of NOAA UNH
22
Active Remote SensingAcoustic!

• multiple, focused, high-frequency, short
  wavelength sound beams
• narrow-beam or multibeam bathymetry
• sound beam stays narrow and focused all the way
  to the bottom
• depths much more precise
• e.g., Sea Beam has 16 beams, Sea Beam 2000 has
  121, EM3000 has 127, EM120 has 191

23
Mapping the Ocean Floor

• Only 5 of global ocean floor charted in high rez
  with ships - we need 125 more years!

Image courtesy of NOAA
24
Ocean Thematic Layers
Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve
Miller, Scripps
25
Multibeam Bathymetry
A Gigabyte of data an hour
A Gigabyte of data a day
26
The World Ocean Floor
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
N
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Fine-Scale Mapping

• on the order of tens of meters to meters
• features the size of a beer can!

33
National Marine Sanctuaries
Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary
System
34
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force
Seeks to characterize priority reef systems
deeper than 30 m in the U.S. and Trust
Territories by 2009.
Surveys contribute to management of marine
protected areas and the possible designation of
more protected areas.
Evans et al. 2002 http//www.nodc.noaa.gov/col/pr
ojects/coral/Coralhome.html
35
OrSt USFMultibeam Surveys to date
By OrSt grad student Emily Lundblad
36
Shallow Multibeam(May 2001, November 2002)

• Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000
• Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg.
• Swaths 3-4 times water depth
• Depths in 3-150 m range at survey speeds of 3-12
  knots
• cm-resolution w/ dGPS

37
Preparations
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
Shallow Water Multibeam
41
Shallow Water Multibeam (cont.)
42
Measured offsets required for accurate pitch,
roll, yaw
43
"curling up" of outermost beams"loss of bottom"
on very steep slopessudden heading changes
44
(No Transcript)
45
By OrSt grad student Emily Larkin
46
Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy
47
SCUBA / Rebreather Technology
Images courtesy of Kip Evans, Nat. Geographic and
Rich Pyle, Bishop Museum
48
Rebreather Dive Mission, FBNMS, 2001
49
Schedule - Day 1

• 830-930 - Dawn - intro lecture
• 930-1000 Break
• 1000-1200 Emily/Dawn - Module 1 Exploring
  the Reefs
• all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on
  work
• 1200-100 Lunch
• 130-230 Dawn seafloor mapping techniques
  and GIS analysis
• 230-430 Emily/Dawn Module 2 Benthic
  Classifications

50
Faafetai!
Image courtesy of FBNMS
51
Schedule - Day 2, Tues

• 830-1030 Emily/Dawn Module 3 Spatial and
  3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including
  hypothetical MPA)
• 1030-1100 Dawn Josh Benthic Terrain
  Modeler (BTM) tool
• 1100-1200 Emily American Samoa Benthic
  Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool
• 1200-100 Lunch and/or Wrapup
• 130 200 Wrapup, final question/discussion
  period