Principles of Law Enforcement

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Principles of Law Enforcement

• Final Study Guide

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• The only law enforcement officers available on
  the American Frontier were the county sheriff and
  town marshal.
• The first state police agency was the Texas
  Rangers.
• The Massachusetts governor who fired all the
  striking police officers during the Boston Police
  Strike and who later became President was Calvin
  Coolidge.
• The law which established National Prohibition in
  1920 was was the Volstead Act.
• The Father of Modern American Policing was
  Augusta Vollmer.

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• 6. Mapp v. Ohio was the U.S. Supreme Court Case
  was responsible for applying the exclusionary
  rule to all State courts in America.
• 7. Hawaii does not have a state law enforcement
  agency.
• 8. The U.S. Marshals Service is responsible for
  the transportation of federal prisoners and the
  security of federal courthouses.
• 9. The Federal Witness Protection Program is
  administered by the US Marshal Service.
• 10. The first supervisor in the police chain of
  command is the sergeant.
• 11.Approximately 5 officers are required to cover
  a particular police beat, 24 hours a day, seven
  days a week.

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• 12. An example of an operations unit in a police
  dept would be patrol.
• 13. An example of an auxiliary unit in a police
  dept would be communications.
• 14. An example of an administrative unit in a
  police dept would be personnel/
• 15. The written entrance exam a stage of the
  selection process receives the most litigation.
• 16. The written entrance exam a stage of the
  selection process, screens out the most
  candidates.
• 17. The former height requirements were
  challenged in court because it was believed that
  is discriminated against women and Hispanics.
• 18. Most depts. Have no maximum age limit.

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• Most departments reject applicants with an adult
  or juvenile felony conviction.
• The shoot/dont shoot training course in which
  targets depicting good guys and bad guys,
  pop up causing officers to make split-second
  decisions is called Hogans Alley.
• The vast majority of arrests the police make are
  for quality of life crimes.
• The academic studies performed by the police
  indicate that the police spend most of their time
  maintaining order and providing service.
• It has been said that the 2 primary goals and
  objectives of the police dept are maintaining
  order, and protecting life and property.

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• 24. The first decision maker in the criminal
  justice system and often the most important is
  the police officer.
• 25. The time of the day is NOT one of the
  factors which may influence police discretion as
  indicated by research findings.
• 26. Trust is not an indicative of the police
  culture.
• 27. The refusal of some police officers to report
  fellow officers misconduct is called the Blue
  Wall of Silence.
• 28. Liberalism is NOT a trait of the police
  personality.

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• 29. The Dirty Harry problem refers to the moral
  dilemma officers face when they can use evil
  means to achieve social goods.
• 30. At least 42 states offer psychological test
  to police applicants in order to prevent
  appointment of officers who may overreact to law
  enforcement stress.
• 31. The 2 categories or groups involved in a
  controlled experiment are the experimental group
  and the control group.
• 32. The Kansas City Study indicated that adding
  or removing police random routine patrol had no
  effect on crime rates.
• 33. The Kansas City Study led to more
  experimentation in different methods of policing.

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• 34. Under the differential response to calls for
  service program, know which calls would receive a
  priority response
• 35. Under differential response to calls for
  service know what the proper alternative to a
  rapid response is.
• 36. The solvability factors in the Managing
  Criminal Investigations Program are Is there a
  witness?, Is a suspect named or known?, and Will
  the complainant cooperate?
• 37. A canvass is a search of an area for
  witnesses to a crime.

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• 38. Under differential response know examples of
  calls that would receive a priority response.
• 39. Academic studies have indicated that
  aggressive patrol tactics such as field
  interrogations can reduce crime rates, increase
  arrest rates, and can create problems with the
  community.
• 40. The program in which a larger number that
  normal uniformed patrol officers is assigned to a
  particular area to deal with particular problems
  is called saturation patrol.
• 41. Dressing as and playing the role of a
  potential victim is known as decoy.

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• 42. A group of heavily armed officers lying in
  wait for an impending robbery is called a stake
  out.
• 43. The undercover practice of the police renting
  a storefront and buying stolen property and
  filming the transactions and then arresting the
  sellers is called a sting.
• Know what the definition of entrapment is and be
  able to know examples of it.
• Problem solving policing can be attributed to
  Herman Goldstein.
• According to Herman Goldstein, traditional
  policing is incident driven.

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• 47. Salvaging is NOT part of the problem-oriented
  policing strategy.
• 48. The acronym S.A.R.A. refers to problem
  oriented policing.
• 49. Review is NOT one of the parts of the
  problem-solving police strategy.
• 50. Columbia, SC is a city that has a Homeowners
  Loan Program which offers officers low-interest,
  no money down mortgages to buy homes that have
  high crime rates and/or deterioration.
• 51. Freedom of the Press is in the 1st Amendment.

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• 52. Right to Grand Jury is in the 5th Amendment.
• 53. Excessive Bail shall not be required is in
  the 8th Amendment.
• 54. Right to a speedy trial in the the 6th
  Amendment.
• 55. Freedom from self-incrimination is in the 5th
  Amendment.
• 56. Freedom against double jeopardy is in the 6th
  Amendment.
• 57. Freedom of Speech is in the 1st Amendment.

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• 58. No cruel and unusual punishment is in the 8th
  Amendment.
• 59. Freedom against unreasonable search and
  seizure is in the 4th Amendment.
• 60. Right to a public trial is in the 6th
  Amendment.
• 61. Right to an impartial jury is in the 6th
  Amendment.
• 62. Right to have assistance of counsel for your
  defense is in the 6th Amendment.
• 63. Right to be confronted with the witnesses
  against you in in the 6th Amendment.

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• 64. Right to be informed of the nature and cause
  of the accusation is in the 6th Amendment.
• 65. Freedom to practice the religion of your
  choice is in the 1st Amendment.
• 66. Examples of the standards governing police
  ethics is the US constitution, Bill of Rights,
  and Case Law as determined by appellate courts
  and the US Supreme Court.
• 67. Know where the specific police ethical
  standards are derived.
• 68. Be able to name various examples of police
  corruption.

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• 69. One example of discrimination against
  African-Americans is that they were not allowed
  to be members of the police dept in Atlanta
  before 1948.
• 70. Patrolling without being accompanied by a
  superior officer was NOT one of the duties
  regulated to early female police officers.
• 71.Receiving a lower salary than white officers
  was NOT one of the examples of discrimination
  against African-Americans police officers.
• 72. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was
  designed to prohibit job discrimination based
  upon all but sexual orientation.

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• 73. The most prevalent form of discrimination has
  been de facto discrimination.
• 74. A substantially different rate of selection
  in hiring, promotion, or other employment
  decision that works to the disadvantage of
  members of a particular race, gender, or ethic
  group is adverse impact.
• 75. The Supreme Court Case which established that
  hiring requiring must be job related is Griggs v.
  Duke Power Company.
• 76. The first police dept in the US with a
  computer system in 1964 was St. Louis.

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• 77. CAD means Computer aided dispatching.
• 78. MTDs provide both voice and electronic
  communications.
• 79. The National Crime Information Center
  collects and retrieves data about persons wanted
  for crimes across the 50 states, stolen and lost
  property, criminal history files and the status
  of criminals in jail/prison or probation/parole.
• 80. NCIC means National Crime Information Center.
• 81. The NCIC is operated by the Federal Bureau of
  Investigation

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• 82. The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program
  database contains information on all unsolved
  homicides.
• 83. Most of the offenders feloniously murdered in
  1995 were killed by hand guns.
• 84. Most of the officers feloniously murdered in
  1995 were killed during arrests situations.
• 85. Of the law enforcement officers who died from
  accidents while on duty from 1980 to 1995, the
  most died in automobile accidents.
• 86. The common law doctrine which allowed the
  police to use deadly force against anyone running
  away after committing a felony was known as the
  fleeing felon doctrine.

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• 87. The fleeing felon doctrine evolved out of
  English Common Law.
• 88. The US Supreme Court Case which made the
  fleeing felon rule unconstitutional was Garner v.
  Tennessee.
• 89. The current standard regarding the police use
  of deadly force is the defense of life standard.
• 90. According to Fyfes study of shootings in the
  New York Citys Police Dept., following their
  adoption of the strict deadly force rule what
  actually occurred.

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• 91. The Garner v. Tennessee case was decided
  under the provisions of the 4th Amendment.
• 92. In high speed police pursuits, police
  officers, speeding or fleeing motorists and
  innocent bystanders are at risk of serious
  physical injury or death.
• 93. A tort is a private wrong.
• 94. Civil Liability means that police officers
  may be sued in civil court for improper behavior
  using such legal concepts such as negligence and
  torts.

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• 95. The method for determining the number if
  police officers required to staff essential job
  post in a precinct or dept is known as shift
  relief factor.
• 96.-100. CALCULATE THE NUMBER. Points will be
  awarded for the last 5 questions but the last 5
  questions will not count against you if you miss
  them.