Landscape maintenance

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Landscape maintenance
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Regular maintenance

• Soil maintenance
• pH and nutrient testing maintenance
• Amending
• Weed control
• Plant maintenance
• Irrigation
• Mulching
• Pest control (insects, disease, other organisms)
• Pruning

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Landscape tools
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Weed control

• Chemical control
• Pre-emergent vs. post-emergence
• Selective vs. nonselective

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Weed control

• Hand weeding
• Landscape fabric
• Mulch

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Irrigation

• Water supply to a plant
• Limited by root system
• Improve soil drainage, reduce soil compaction to
  improve root growth
• Avg. soil absorbs 3/8 water per hour
• Slow, less-frequent deep watering better than
  frequent shallow watering
• Soaker hose
• Drip irrigation
• Basin watering (berm)

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Irrigation
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Irrigation

• Hand watering
• Sprinkler irrigation
• Good for lawns, densely planted beds
• Wastes water (evaporation, unplanted areas)
• Can promote foliar diseases
• Fixed heads/risers
• Portable heads
• Drip/trickle irrigation
• Reduces water usage by gt50
• Can apply fertilizers
• Nozzles, pipes can clog

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Irrigation

• Mulching/ground covers reduces frequent watering
  needs
• Standard 1/2 residential pipe can handle one
  irrigation head (install ¾-1 piping if plan to
  irrigate)
• Generally need 1 water per week
• Lawns 1 per week
• Woody plants 3-4 total every 4 weeks
• Newly transplanted woody plants need to be
  watered weekly (1st year), every 2 weeks (2nd
  year)

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Garden pests
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Pest control

• Choose plants with minimal pest problems
• Insect pests are often vectors for disease
• Chemical control
• Contact poisons vs. systemic pesticides
• Synthetic vs. organic

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Biological pest control

• Gardens Alive
• Home Harvest

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Pruning

• Removal of excessive undesirable growth

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Why prune?

• Sanitation
• Broken branches dead tissue
• Diseased parts
• Opening canopy
• Increase air flow reduce humidity
• Increase penetration of sprays
• Removal of undergrowth for appearance and fire
  prevention
• Stimulate new, vigorous growth

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Why prune?

• Aesthetics
• Shape
• Formal hedges
• Topiary

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Espalier
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Vase-shaped trees
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Pollarding
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Why prune?

• Enhance reproduction
• Yield enhancement
• Fruiting shoots vs. non-fruiting shoots
• Increase flower size
• Fruit distribution, size, sugar content
  uniformity
• Access to fruit

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Why prune?

• Manipulate physiology
• Pre-transplant root pruning
• Shoot tip pruning to promote branching
• Stimulate new growth on older plants Dwarfing
• Bonsai

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Pruning tools

• Saws
• Shears
• Hand pruners
• Loppers
• Pole pruners
• Bypass vs. anvil

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Pruning tools

• Sanitation
• Branch size and pruner damage
• Hand pruners (lt 1/2 inch dia.)
• Loppers (lt 2 inch dia.)
• Maintain sharp tools
• Clean cuts heal faster

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Pruning principles

• Cutting is irreversible
• Breaking apical dominance changes form of plant
• Pruning invigorates regrowth
• Pruning can direct growth
• Timing of pruning is critical
• Spring flowers develop on previous seasons
  growth
• Summer and fall flowers develop on current
  seasons growth

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Pruning techniques
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Prune inward growing branches
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Pruning for outward growth
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Prune rubbing branches
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Included bark
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Crotch angles
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Trees with central leaders

• Standard form

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Pruning Multiple leaders
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Removing the central leader
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Branched head standard
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Multistemed tree form
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Drop crotching controlling height
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Pruning cuts
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Pruning branches

• Cut at 900 angle
• Cut in stages

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Pruning large branches
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Pruning pines pinching candles
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Pruning shrubs

• Heading back

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Thinning
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Renewal pruning (gradual renovation)
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Coppice for color
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Shearing
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Hedge shapes
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Training - Espalier