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Treatment of Interest on IndexedLinked Debt Instruments

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Instruments indexed to something else (e.g., CPI, share prices, oil price) ... (such as to stock prices, oil prices, gold prices) combines motives for both ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Treatment of Interest on IndexedLinked Debt Instruments


1
Treatment of Interest on Indexed-Linked Debt
Instruments
2
  • Two papers
  • Instruments indexed to foreign currency
  • Separate discussion option to treat it as
    denominated in that currency.
  • Instruments indexed to something else (e.g., CPI,
    share prices, oil price)
  • Issues are how the indexation amounts are
  • classified as interest or revaluation and
  • allocated over the life of the instrument.

3
Index-linked securities in the SNA
7.104. Index linked securities are financial
instruments for which the amounts of the coupon
payments (interest) and/or the principal
outstanding are linked to a general price index,
a specific price index or an exchange rate
index.  When the coupon payments are index
linked, the full amounts of such payments are
treated as interest receivable or payable, in the
same way as the interest receivable and payable
on any other security paying a contractually
agreed variable income. When the value of the
principal is index linked, the difference between
the eventual redemption price and the issue price
is treated as interest accruing over the life of
the asset in the same way as for a security whose
redemption price is fixed in advance. In
practice, the change in the value of the
principal outstanding between the beginning and
end of a particular accounting period due to the
movement in the relevant index may be treated as
interest accruing in that period, in addition to
any interest due for payment in that period. ...
4
Issues
  • Redemption value is not known
  • Implication value of interest before redemption
    is unclear.
  • It is argued that some indexation (such as to
    stock prices, oil prices, gold prices) combines
    motives for both interest income and holding
    gains.
  • Interest is the return for putting financial
    resources at disposal of another entity.
  • Holding gains/losses effect of index value
    fluctuations.

5
Issues
  • Are negative values of interest
    payable/receivable acceptable or meaningful, when
    general interest rates are positive?
  • Or are such fluctuations an indication that the
    value is driven by revaluation factors rather
    than being a return for supplying financial
    resources?
  • Business accounting does not have the
    interest/holding gain distinction.

6
1993 SNA Approach
  • Keeping the 1993 SNA unchanged for the concept of
    interest and not allowing revisions of interest
    accruals (when the coupons are index-linked, the
    full amounts paid as coupons, after indexation,
    are accrued as interest and when the value of
    the principal is index-linked the difference
    between the actual redemption value and the issue
    price is treated as interest accruing over the
    life of the instrument (paragraph 7.104)). For
    determining interest accruing in an accounting
    period, the movement in the relevant index during
    the period is used to determine interest accruing
    in that period, without revising them later.

7
1993 SNA Approach
8
1993 SNA Approach
  • Comments
  • Interest is volatile due to movements in index.
  • Revaluations are due to changes in market
    expectations about future path of the index. It
    could arise also from market interest rate
    changes or credit ratings (in this example, these
    were assumed unchanged).
  • Revaluations cancel out over life of instrument.

9
1993 SNA with revision/s
  • Keeping the 1993 SNA unchanged for the concept of
    interest, and accepting revisions of interest
    accruals that will be determined in each
    accounting period either
  • (a) by using the movement in the relevant index
    in each accounting period and revising interest
    when actual redemption value is known, or
  • (b) by using the most recent observation of the
    relevant index and revising interest
    continuously.

10
1993 SNA with one final revision
11
1993 SNA with regular revisions
12
1993 SNA with revision/s
  • Comments
  • The total interest accrued over the life of the
    instrument is the same with that in the 1993 SNA
    approach.
  • The allocation over the life is different.
  • Revaluations cancel out over the life of the
    instrument.
  • The issue is whether it is desirable to revise
    interest accruals
  • when actual cash flows are know at the
    redemption.
  • on a regular basis using the latest information
    (on the index).

13
Modified debtor approach
  • Clarifying or changing the 1993 SNA for defining
    interest on index-linked instruments by fixing
    the rate of interest at the time of issue, and
    treating any deviation of the index from the
    expected path as holding gains/losses.
  • AEG discussion in December 2004 was helpful this
    option had previously been ruled out of
    consideration.

14
Modified debtor approach
15
Modified debtor approach
  • Comments
  • Interest accruals are calculated using the
    expected yield-to-maturity (YTM) at issue.
  • Interest for the life of instrument may not be
    equal to the difference between issue price and
    redemption value.
  • Revaluations may not cancel out over the life of
    the instrument (equal to the difference between
    expected and actual redemption value).

16
Embedded derivative approach
  • Clarifying or changing the 1993 SNA for defining
    interest by regarding indexed-linked instruments
    as effectively including derivative contracts.
    This is similar to previous approach. However,
    interest is imputed based on a similar instrument
    that is not indexed and the value of the embedded
    derivative reflects the deviation (of the imputed
    interest) from actual movements in the relevant
    index.

17
Embedded derivative approachStandard bond
component
18
Embedded derivative approachDerivative component
19
Embedded derivative approach
  • Comments
  • Interest accruals are imputed based on similar
    instruments that are not indexed. Effectively,
    for the debtor approach, this means using the
    expected YTM at issue.
  • Derivative reflects the deviation of imputed
    interest from actual movements of the relevant
    index.
  • The standard bond component may also have
    revaluation if market interest rate changes.
    Then, it becomes difficult how to disentangle
    revaluations due to change in index or due to
    market interest rates.

20
Discussion point
  • Which alternative, among the four presented in
    the Executive Summary, do the members prefer?
  • (a) 1993 SNA approach as it is?
  • (b) 1993 SNA with revisions
  • when actual redemption value is known?
  • using the most recent observation?
  • (c) Modified debtor approach?
  • (d) Embedded derivative approach?

21
  • BOPCOM discussion
  • Evenly divided between (a) and (c).
  • Conclusion to keep the status quo i.e., option
    (a) - in the absence of a consensus for change.

22
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