Trama Systems and Mechanism of Injury

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Trama Systems and Mechanism of Injury
Ch. 15 Wolfie
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Components in a sophisticated trauma system

• Injury prevention
• Prehospital care
• Emergency department care
• Interfaculty transportation as necessary
• Definitive care
• Trauma critical care
• Rehabilitation
• Data collection/trauma registry

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Terms

• The Golden Hour The first hour after severe
  injury is known as the golden hour. It is a
  critical period in which surgical intervention
  for the trauma patient can reduce complications.
• Trauma Registries allows for collection of
  injury data by individual hospitals or groups of
  hospitals on a local, regional, or state level.

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Factors that affect transportation

• Geographical location
• Topographical area
• Population
• Weather
• Availability of resources
• Traffic conditions
• Time of day

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Air transportation should be considered when

• The time needed to transport the patient by
  ground to an appropriate facility poses a threat
  to the patients survival and recovery
• Weather, road, or traffic conditions would
  seriously delay the patients access to
  definitive care.
• Critical care personnel and equipment not
  available from ground crews are needed to
  adequatley care for he patient during transport.

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Kinematics of Traumaof a fall

• How many patients involved?
• How far did the patient fall?
• On what surface did the patient land on?
• Were they wearing any protective gear?
• Were they secured by any type of rope?
• What type of environment is present?
• Is there any other danger that may harm you?
• Did any material fall on the patient?

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Kinematics of Trauma in a motor vehicle accident

• How many vehicles involved?
• Are there any identifying marks on the scene?
• Are there any hazards in the area?
• How many patients are involved?
• Are there any patients trapped?
• Where the occupants in the vehicle or restrained?

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More terms

• Penetrating Trauma some type of invasive injury
  to the body in which an opening is created.
• Blunt trauma any type of impact resulting in two
  forces compression and direct compression.

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Motor vehicle collision

• Head-on
• Lateral and side impact
• Rear-end impact
• Rotational impact
• Rollover impact

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Restraints

• Lap belts
• Diagonal shoulder straps
• Air bags
• Child safety seats

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Organ Collision Injuries

• Deceleration injuries when body organs are put
  into motion after an impact, they continue to
  move in opposition to the structures that attach
  them to the body.
• Compression injuries can injure any portion of
  the body.

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Motorcycle

• Angular impact
• Head-on impact
• Laying the motorcycle down

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Other causes of blunt trauma

• Vertical falls
• Sports injuries
• Blast injuries primary blast injuries, secondary
  blast injuries, tertiary blast injuries, and
  miscellaneous blast injuries.

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Penetrating Trauma

• Cavitations is an opening produced by a force
  that pushes body tissues laterally away from the
  tract of a projectile.

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Energy Potential

• Low energy ex. Knives, guns, ax, needle, ice
  pick, and others.
• Medium energy Hand guns and some rifles
• High energy hunting rifles, assault weapons, and
  others.

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Entrance and exit wounds

• The entrance wound is generally round or oval and
  lies against the underlying tissue.
• The exit wound, if present, is generally larger
  than an entrance wound. When the bullet exits,
  the skin may explode resulting in ragged and torn
  tissue.