IEEM 110: Computing in Industrial Automation

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IEEM 110 Computing in Industrial Automation
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Selected Events in the History of Automation
Organized automation, mechanization Industrial
revolution, 1770-, England, Europe, US Hard
automation and transfer lines Henry Ford, 1900-,
USA Numerically Controlled (NC) machine tools,
1952 (US Air Force, MIT) Microchip computers
late 1960-, USA CNC (computer numerical
controlled) machine tools, 1970-, USA
Industrial Robots, USA, Japan, 1970- Computer
networks, DARPA USA, 1970- Flexible
Manufacturing Systems (FMS), Japan, 1980-.
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Advantages of Automation
Improved quality Interchangeability, increased
life Precise control, Shorter response time
Shorter processing time low lead-time, lower
inventory Safety handling hazardous
substance, handling heavy materials Less
waste repeatability
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Basic Structure of Automatic Control System
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Open Loop, Closed Loop Systems
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Examples of Automation (1)
Kowloon Motor Bus To request the bus to stop, you
press a button A bell rings (once), and A
light bulb near the drivers seat turns ON
Q1. Identify the sensor(s) and actuator(s) in
this system.
Q2. Is it an analog signal or digital?
Q3. Is it a closed loop or open loop control?
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Examples of Automation (2)
Kowloon Motor Bus To request the bus to stop, you
press a yellow strip A bell rings (once),
and A light bulb near the drivers seat turns ON
Q1. What type of sensor is being used here?
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Examples of Automation (3)
Automatic doors
When you walk in front of the door, it
automatically opens After a fixed amount of
time, it shuts.
Q1. Identify the sensor, and the actuators in
this case
Q2. Give examples of two types of sensors that
may be used here
Q3. Give examples of two types of actuators that
may be used here
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Examples of Automation (4)
HMV (or other CD selling shop) If a person
carrying a CD without paying an alarm rings
out, and a light bulb flashes.
Q1. What are the sensors and actuators in this
case?
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Examples of Automation (5)
Automatic rice cooker Put the rice and water in
it in the morning, set it to start cooking at
6pm. It turns on automatically. When the rice is
cooked, it switches to keep warm mode.
Q1. How does it control when to turn on?
Q2. What type of sensor(s) and actuators are
inside this machine?
Q3. How would you sense when the rice is cooked?
Q4. How can the rice be kept warm for up to 12
hours?
Q5. The cooker can be set to cook different food
types (rice, congee, fish). How is the
logic for so many functions controlled?
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Examples of Automation (6)
Park and Shop The sales clerk swipes item
across a glass sheet on top of the counter. The
price (and name) of the item are automatically
printed on the receipt. The receipt also
calculates the total price of all items you have
bought.
Q1. Identify the sensors and actuators in this
example.
Q2. Is this an example of digital or analog
control?
Q3. How does the system know what item was swiped?
Q4. How does the system know the price and name
of the item?
Q5. How can the information of which item is
purchased be used to improve customer
service?