The Age of Jefferson, 18001816

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The Age of Jefferson, 1800-1816
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The Capitol Building c.1800
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Jeffersonian Philosophy

• Strict interpretation of Constitutionweak
  central govt
• Small govt and less taxes
• Agricultural society
• Sided with the French
• Presidency with no trappings

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Louisiana Purchase

• France secretly acquired territory in 1800
• Napoleon willing to sell for war
• Mission sent to buy N.O.
• Bought the whole territory for 15 million
• Purchasing land not mentioned in Constitution

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The Louisiana Purchase
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Lewis and Clark lead the Corps of Discovery
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Into the Unknown
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Vice President Aaron Burr

• Northern Confederacy
• Split from Rep. party
• Rivalry leads to a duel between Burr and Hamilton
• Hamilton killed, Burr in exile
• Plotted to form his own empire in the LA territory

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The Duel
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John Marshalls Court (1801-1835)

• Sought to increase Courts and fed. govt power
• Federalist ideas
• Marbury v. Madison
• Judicial review
• McCullough v. Maryland
• Implied powers

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Supreme Court Chambers
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Neutral Rights, Impressment, Embargo

• Jefferson cut the size of the military by more
  than half
• French and British both threaten US ships on high
  seas
• British impress American citizens
  (Chesapeake-Leonard Affair)
• Jefferson decides to abandon all trade with the
  Embargo Act

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John Bull Taking A Lunch
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The Embargo Act 1807
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The Embargo Act 1807

• No foreign trade at all
• Economic slump begins
• Embargo-runners emerge
• Liability for Rep. party

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James and Dolley Madison
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James Madison

• Jeffersons Secretary of State
• Most intelligent of Founding Fathers
• Father of the Constitution
• Won 1808 and 1812 elections

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The War of 1812 Causes

• US desired Spanish Florida (Spain and England
  allied)
• British impressment
• Secure a foreign market
• for US crops
• War Hawks
• Clay-Speaker of the House
• Calhoun-leading Rep.

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Vision of the War Hawks
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Fighting Begins

• Britain distracted by Napoleon until 1813
• Invasion of Canada fails
• Harrison defeats Tecumseh
• Jackson ravages Indians in Florida

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America Impression of British-Indian Alliance
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The Burning of Washington
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Hartford Convention

• Opposition grows as war enters 1815
• Federalists in New England meet
• Considered secession, listed grievances
• Right of nullification stated
• After New Orleans, convention looks absurd and
  the Federalists disappear

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Criticism of Hartford Convention
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Treaty of Ghent
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Treaty of Ghent 1814

• Signed before the Battle of New Orleans
• Did NOT address impressment (the alleged cause of
  the war)
• No real changes from 1812
• Simply stopped the fighting
• Led to other treaties
• Rush-Bagot disarmed the Great Lakes
• Economic agreements

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Battle of New Orleans
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Battle of New Orleans

• Made a hero of Andrew Jackson
• Over 2,000 casualties for British, about 20 for
  US
• Biggest highlight of the war