Successes and Setbacks

1
Successes and Setbacks

• Objectives
• Describe advances made in civil rights during the
  Kennedy-Johnson administrations
• Describe the setbacks and difficulties the civil
  rights activists faced during the 1960s

2
Students Stage Sit-ins

• In 1960, Greensboro, NC Four African-Americans
  sit at segregated lunch counter
• The sit-in becomes a popular way to protest

3
Woolworth Store in Greensboro
4
The Freedom Riders

• Freedom Riders rode buses into Southern
  segregated bus terminals
• Many Freedom Riders were met with violence in
  the South
• Freedom Rides took place in 1961 and 1963

5
Violence in Birmingham

• 1963 MLK led a demonstration in Birmingham,
  Alabama
• Police Commissioner Eugene Bull Connor
• used fire hoses and dogs on demonstrators
• Kennedy sent in 3,000 troops to keep order and
  proposed new legislation

6
Trouble in Southern Universities

• 1962 James Meredith tried to enter Southern
  Mississippi
• Kennedy sent in fed marshals and Mississippi
  National Guard for Merediths safety
• Gov. George Wallace stood in front of door at
  University of Alabama (Forrest Gump)

7
The March on Washington

• 1963, 100th Anniversary of the Emancipation
  Proclamation
• 200,00 demonstrators merged at the Lincoln
  Memorial
• MLK delivered I Have a Dreamspeech

8
Civil Rights Act

• Only one-half of one percent of African American
  children in the 11 former Confederate states were
  attending desegregated schools
• Kennedy was assassinated and Johnson was able to
  get Civil Rights Act passed and Voting Rights Act
  passed