Review 1

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Review 1

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The man who brought the brown-and white dog with him kissed the woman. ... The man gave the woman opposite him a big kiss. The man gave a big kiss to the woman ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Review 1

1
Review 1

Monday, Dec. 3, 2007

2
Subject and Predicates

An independent clause
A subject verb
John took the exam yesterday.
John who took the exam yesterday. (fragment)

In the living room, there are portraits hanging
everywhere. A tea set with lion decoration that
looks so gorgeous (a noun phrase but not an
independent clause).
The table is covered with books and papers. A big
desk in front of the window (a noun phrase but
not an independent clause).

4
Conjunctions

Connect two independent clauses
and
but
although
because
if
in case
etc.

A dependent clause
if I pass the exam
because she likes flowers

6
Subject

The subject should not be omitted.
My town is pretty big, too.
The subject should not be repeated.
My town Kafarselwan it is marvelous and
exciting.
The subject should not be buried inside a
prepositional phrase.
In my town Kafarselwan is marvelous and
exciting.

7
Six basic requirements of a written sentence

A capital letter at the beginning
Punctuation at the end (a period, a question
mark, or an exclamation point)
A subject
A predicate containing a complete verb phrase
Standard word order (commonly subject-verb-object
or complement)
An independent clause, that is, a core idea that
can stand alone with its own subject and verb

8
Expanding a sentence
9
Adding information at the beginning
10
Including information to modify and identify the
subject
11
Inserting additional information after the subject
12
Adding a verb

We can expand the predicate by adding another
verb.
The man kissed and hugged the woman.
The man kissed the woman and whispered something
to her.

13
Expanding the object
14
Adding information about the sentence at the end
15
Sentence-level errors
16
Avoiding run-ons and the comma splice

She lived in a large house in Beverly Hills the
living room was empty. (run-on sentence)
She lived in a large house, the living room was
empty. (comma splice)

17
Solutions

She lived in a large house in Beverly Hills
and/but the living room was empty.
She lived in a large house in Beverly Hills the
living room was empty

18
Conjunctions connecting phrases and other
parallel structures

Note that the structures on each side of the
coordinating conjunctions must always be parallel
in structure (for example, all nouns or all verb
phrases).
I spent the entire weekend eating, sleeping,
working, and to swim.

19
Inverted word order using not only or nor
20

Nor and not
She hasnt bought any furniture, nor does she
intend to.
She doesnt understand my feelings, nor does she
try.

21
Transitions

To add an idea (also, in addition, furthermore,
moreover, besides)
To show time or sequence (meanwhile, first,
second, then, next, finally)
To show result (therefore, thus, consequently, as
a result)
To show unexpected result (however, nevertheless,
still, though, nonetheless)

To show contrasting situation (however, on the
other hand, in contrast, by contrast)
To show similarity (similarly, likewise, in a
similar way)
To emphasize (in fact, of course, indeed,
certainly, to be sure)
To provide an example (for example, takeas an
example)

To explain (that is, in other words)
To add a new topic (by the way, incidentally)
To return to a topic (anyway, at any rate)
To argue (on the contrary, rather)
To summarize or generalize (in general, overall,
in short, in conclusion, in sum, all in all)

24
The position of transitional words and expressions

The Chinese grew a lot of soybeans. However, they
did not export them to the West.
The Chinese grew a lot of soybeans. They did not,
however, export them to the West.
The Chinese grew a lot of soybeans. They did not
export them to the West, however.

25
Adverbial clauses