The Challenge of Aging

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The Challenge of Aging

• Chapter 14

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Life is Like a River

• The flow is continuous, and you never step in
  the same place twice.

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Generating Vitality As You Age

• What happens As You Age?
• Life-Enhancing MeasuresAge-Proofing.
• Challenge Your Mind.
• Develop Physical Fitness.
• Eat Wisely.
• Maintain a Healthy weight.
• Control Drinking and Over dependence on
  Medication.
• Dont Smoke.
• Regular Physical Examinations to detect treatable
  disease.
• Recognize and Reduce Stress.

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Confronting the Changes Of Aging

• Planning for Social Changes.
• Changing Roles and Relationships.
• Increased Leisure Time.
• The Economics of Retirement.

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Adapting to Physical Changes

• Some physical changes are inevitable.
• Hearing Loss.
• Vision Changes.
• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
• Presbyopia.
• Cataracts.
• Arthritis.
• Osteoarthritis (OA).
• Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Lupus.

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Adapting to Physical Changes

• Menopause
• Osteoporosis

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Handling Psychological and Mental Changes

• Dementia.
• Alzheimers disease.
• Grief.
• Depression.
• Unresolved grief can lead to depression.

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Aging and Life Expectancy

• 79.4 years of life expectance for females in the
  U.S.
• 73.6 years of life expectancy for males in the
  U.S.
• Factors Influencing Life Expectancy.
• Life Span.

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Theories on Aging

• Aging is caused by a variety of different
  processes.
• Cellular theory.
• Immune system theory.
• Metabolic theory.

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Americas Aging Minority

• 65 or Older.
• 35 million people, about 13 of the total
  American population in 2000.
• Affecting the stereotypes.
• Political attention to the growing population.
• The Aging population is increasing
  proportionately.

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Family and Community Resources for Older Adults

• Family Involvement in caregiving.
• Other Living and Care Options.
• Community Resources.
• Centers.
• Services.
• Aid.
• Management.
• Transportation.

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Government Aid and Policies

• Food stamps
• Housing subsidies
• Social Security
• Medicare and Medicaid

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Why Is There Death?

• Life span is long enough to allow reproduction
  and the linage of our species.
• Challenges our emotions and intellectual
  security.
• We know that everything alive eventually dies.

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Understanding Death and Dying

• Defining death.
• Defined as cessation of the flow of bodily
  fluids.
• Life-support systems.
• Brain death.
• Lack of receptivity and response to external
  stimuli.
• Absence of spontaneous muscular movement and
  breathing.
• Absence of observable reflexes.
• Absence of brain activity.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG).

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Learning About Death

• Understanding of death changes as we age.
• Mature understanding of death.
• Four components (Mark Speece).
• Universality.
• Irreversibility.
• Nonfunctionality.
• Causality.

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Denying Versus Welcoming Death

• Anxiety associated with death.
• Many seek to avoid any thought or mention of
  death.
• United states attitude is to death denying.

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Planning For Death

• Making a will.
• Estate.
• Testator.
• Interstate.

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Considering Options for End-of Life Care

• Spending your last days at home, cared for by
  relatives and friends?
• -OR-
• Access to the sophisticated medical technologies
  in the hospitals.
• Home care.
• Hospital-based palliative care.
• Hospice programs.

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Deciding to Prolong Life or Hasten Death

• Modern medicine.
• Persistent vegetative state.
• Ethical questions about the right to die.
• U.S. Supreme Court in 1990.
• The right to refuse life sustaining treatment is
  constitutionally protected.

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Deciding to Prolong Life or Hasten Death

• Withholding or Withdrawing Treatment.
• Passive euthanasia.
• Assisted Suicide and Active Euthanasia.
• Physician-assisted suicide (PAS).
• Active euthanasia.

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Completing an Advance Directive

• Living will.
• Health care proxy.
• Surrogate.

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Becoming an Organ Donor

• Human body is a valuable resource.
• Each day 60 people receive an organ transplant.
• Each day 18 people on the waiting list die
  because not enough organs to assist.
• Uniform Donor Card.

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Planning a Funeral or Memorial Service

• Disposition of the body.
• Arranging a Service.
• Non-profit memorial society.

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Coping With Dying

• No one right way to live or die of a
  life-threatening illness.
• Doctors treat diseases people suffer from
  illness.
• Concerns with
• Costly medical care.
• Loss of income.
• Repeated and lengthy hospitalization.
• Physical pain.

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Awareness of Dying

• Living-dying experience.
• Middle knowledge patients and family seek a
  balance between hope and reality.

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The Tasks of Coping

• On Death and Dying (Elisabeth Kubler-Ross).
• 5 Psychological stages
• Denial.
• Anger.
• Bargaining.
• Depression.
• Acceptance.

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The Tasks of Coping

• Charles Corrs primary dimensions in coping with
  dying.
• Physical.
• Psychological.
• Social.
• Spiritual.

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Patterns of Coping

• Defense mechanisms.
• Coping Strategies.
• Different strategies
• Emotion-focused.
• Problem-focused.
• Meaning-based.
• The Trajectory of dying.
• Supporting a dying person.

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Coping With Loss

• Experiencing Grief.
• Bereavement.
• Mourning.
• Tasks of Mourning.
• Accepting the reality of the loss.
• Working through the pain and grief.
• Adjusting to a changed environment.
• Emotionally relocating the deceased and moving
  on.
• The Course of Grief.

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Supporting a Grieving Person

• Give kind and loving support.
• Be a good listener.
• Refrain from making judgments about the
  survivors feelings are good or bad.
• Social support is critical.

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Helping Children Cope With Loss

• Children tend to cope with loss healthier
  fashion.
• Adults must share the news with the children.
• Natural curiosity.
• Sudden changes in the family environment.
• Keep the informational lines open for the childs
  questions.
• Be Honest.

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