Peer Relationships

1
Peer Relationships

• ( we will not cover media or schooling)

2
Development of Peer Sociability

• Infant and toddler beginnings
• Preschool years
• Nonsocial activity
• Parallel play
• Associative play
• Cooperative play

3
Development of Peer Sociability

• Middle childhood and adolescence
• Rough-and-tumble play
• Dominance hierarchy

4
Influences on Peer Sociability

• Direct parental influences
• Indirect parental influences
• Age mix of children
• Cultural values

5
Friendship

• Friendship
• Close relationship involving companionship and
  wanting to be with friend

6
Friendship

• Level 1 Friendship as a handy playmate
• About 4 to 7 years
• Level 2 Friendship as mutual trust and
  assistance
• About 8 to 10 years
• Level 3 Friendship as intimacy and loyalty
• 11 to 15 years

7
Friendship

• Characteristics of friendships
• Friendship selectivity and stability
• Interaction between friends
• Resemblance between friends
• Sex differences in friendships

8
Friendship

• Friendship and adjustment
• Opportunities to explore the self and develop
  understanding of another
• Foundation for future intimate relationships
• Support in dealing with stress
• Attitudes toward school

9
Peer Acceptance

• Sociometric techniques
• Popular children
• Rejected children
• Controversial children
• Neglected children

10
Origins of Acceptance

• Popular children
• Popular-prosocial children
• Popular-antisocial children
• Rejected children
• Rejected-aggressive children
• Rejected-withdrawn children
• Controversial children
• Neglected children

11
Peer Groups

• First peer groups
• Cliques
• Crowds

12
Peer Relations and Socialization

• Peer reinforcement and modeling
• Peer conformity