Performance Enhancing Drugs

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Performance Enhancing Drugs
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Creatine

• Formal name is creatine monohydrate
• Compound produced by your body that helps release
  energy in your muscles
• Naturally occurring compound
• Can also ingest creatine from protein-rich foods
  such as meat or fish
• Take a nutritional supplement

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Creatine cont.

• May be able to produce small gains in short-term
  bursts of power
• Improving maximum-weight bench press or
  increasing speeds of very short duration
• Some studies show an increase in lean muscle mass

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Creatine cont.

• Helps muscles make circulate adenosine
  triphosphate (ATP)
• Nucleotide that helps give you energy
• ATP is used for quick, explosive bursts of
  activity (weightlifting sprinting)
• Also reduces energy waste products, such as
  lactic acid
• Can cause muscle fatigue

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Creatine cont.

• Said to enhance performance decrease fatigue
• No evidence that creatine enhances performance in
  aerobic or endurance sports

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Creatine cont.

• Liver produces about 2 grams of creatine each day
• Stored in muscles, and levels are easily
  maintained
• Kidneys will remove excess creatine, the value of
  supplements to someone who already has a high
  muscle creatine content is questionable

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Creatine cont.

• Possible side effects of creatine that can
  decrease athletic performance
• Stomach cramps
• Muscle cramps
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

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Creatine cont.

• Weight gain is a known side effect
• After prolonged use, weight gain is more likely
  the result of water retention than an increase in
  muscle tissue
• High doses can potentially damage
• Kidneys
• Liver
• Heart

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Creatine cont.

• Unknown the effects from long-term usage
• Dosage levels vary widely depending on product
  how much creatine you take
• Not regulated by FDA
• Not sure of purity on market

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Stimulants

• Drugs that can reduce fatigue, suppress appetite,
  and increase alertness aggressiveness
• Stimulate the CNS, increase your heart rate,
  blood pressure, body temperature metabolism

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Stimulants cont.

• Most common include caffeine and amphetamines
• Cold remedies often contain the stimulants
  ephedrine pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
• Street drugs such as cocaine methamphetamine
  belong to this group

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Stimulants

• Can boost physical performance promote
  aggressiveness on the field
• Have side effects that can impair athletic
  performance
• Nervousness irritability, insomnia
• Can become psychologically addicted or develop a
  tolerance so that they need greater amounts to
  achieve the desired effect

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Stimulants cont.

• Other side effects may include
• Heart palpitations
• Heart rhythm abnormalities
• Weight loss
• Mild hypertension
• Hallucinations
• Convulsions
• Brain hemorrhage
• Heart attack other circulatory problems

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Diuretics

• Drugs that change your bodys natural balance of
  fluids salts
• Can lead to dehydration
• Water loss may allow an athlete to compete in a
  lighter weight class

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Diuretics

• Commonly used to treat high blood pressure
  conditions that cause fluid retention (edema)
• Such as congestive heart failure
• May cause
• Muscle cramps, exhaustion, decreased ability to
  regulate body temperature, potassium deficiency,
  heart arrhythmias