Infection Control for Promotores

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Infection Control for Promotores

• USA Center for Rural Public Health Preparedness
  at
• Texas AM Health Science Center
• School of Rural Public Health

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Welcome!

• Germs can spread rapidly in a community, so
  staying informed and active to protect yourself
  and the community from infectious diseases is
  essential. Increased awareness will minimize the
  risk of infection, prevent disease transmission,
  and preserve a healthy and safe environment.
• The USA Center for Rural Public Health
  Preparedness at Texas AM Health Science Center
  School of Rural Public Health designed this
  train-the-trainer activity for promotores. It
  provides information , ideas, and learning
  activities for the promotores on how to prevent
  the spread of infection and keep their
  communities healthy.

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OBJECTIVES

• Explain how infectious diseases are spread
• Provide basic information about common infectious
  diseases.
• Describe basic methods to prevent the spread of
  disease

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What is an Infectious Disease?

• Infection
• An infection occurs when microorganisms, or
  germs, enter and multiply in the body.
• Infectious Disease
• An infectious disease occurs when the infection
  damages the body and produces signs and symptoms
  indicating the body is unhealthy.
• Infectious Agent
• Infectious agents are microorganisms such as
  bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and parasites
  that can cause infectious disease.

www.mayoclinic.com/health/infectious-disease/ID000
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Examples of Infectious Diseases

• Common Cold
• Influenza
• Meningitis
• Chickenpox
• Staph / Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
  aureus (MRSA)
• Tuberculosis
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
• Head lice
• Rabies
• Salmonellosis
• Chlamydia
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Hepatitis A, B, and C

www.go.mb.ca/health/publichealth/cdc/fs/infcontshe
lter.pdf
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How Are Infectious Diseases Spread?

• Understanding how infectious diseases are spread
  is important for minimizing the risk of infection
  and preventing disease transmission.
• Three ways in which infectious diseases can be
  transmitted
• Direct transmission
• Indirect transmission
• Airborne transmission

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Direct Transmission

• Direct transmission occurs when an infectious
  agent is transferred directly into the body such
  as through the eyes, nose, mouth, or through a
  break in the skin such as a cut on the finger.

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Direct Transmission

• Infectious agents are spread directly in the
  following ways
• Person-to-person
• through physical contact including touching,
  biting, hugging, or kissing
• Example MRSA, Hepatitis
• Animal-to-person
• through physical contact, bites, and scratches
• Example Ringworm, Rabies
• Infectious droplets
• during coughing, sneezing, talking, singing, and
  spitting
• (spread is limited to approximately three feet)
• Example Cold, Influenza

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Direct Transmission

• Person-to-person- Hepatitis
• What is hepatitis?
• How do we become infected?
• What are the symptoms?

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Hepatitis

• Hepatitis is a viral disease causing
  inflammation of the liver.
• Exposure to infected blood (dirty needles) or
  unprotected sexual intercourse.
• Symptoms Nausea, vomiting , fever, jaundice

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Direct Transmission

• Animal to person Rabies
• What is rabies?
• How do we become infected?
• What are the symptoms?

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Rabies

• Rabies is a viral infection producing an acute
  illness affecting the central nervous system.
• Transmission Dogs infected by wildlife (
  skunks, squirrels, raccoons or rats)
• Symptoms Seizures, paralysis, death

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Direct Transmission

• Infectious droplets Cold
• What is a cold?
• How do we become infected with a cold?
• What are the symptoms?

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Cold

• A cold is a common upper respiratory infection.
• Transmission a virus is transmitted through the
  droplets by coughing
• Symptoms cough, runny nose, and sometimes
  sore throat

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Indirect Transmission

• Infectious diseases are spread indirectly through
  vehicles and vectors.
• Vehicle-borne transmission
• Some infectious agents can linger on inanimate
  objects, such as desks, chairs, computer
  keyboards, doorknobs, faucets, toys, eating
  utensils, or clothing.
• Example Touching a pencil used by a person
  infected with the flu and then touching the eyes,
  nose, or mouth before performing hand hygiene.
• Other vehicles include food, water, and
  biological products such as blood and body
  fluids.
• Example Eating peanut butter contaminated with
  Salmonella, or pepperoni contaminated with E.
  coli.

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Indirect Transmission

• Infectious diseases are spread indirectly through
  vehicles and vectors.
• Vehicle-borne transmission Salmonellosis
• What is Salmonellosis?
• How do we become infected with Salmonella?
• What are the symptoms?

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Salmonellosis

• Salmonellosis is an intestinal infection caused
  by bacteria.
• Transmission contaminated food or drinking
  water
• Symptoms Diarrhea, abdominal cramps fever

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Indirect Transmission

• Infectious diseases are spread indirectly through
  vehicles and vectors.
• Vector-borne transmission
• Common vectors insects, such as mosquitoes,
  ticks, and lice.
• Example Becoming infected with West Nile Virus
  as a result of being bitten by an infected
  mosquito,.

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Indirect Transmission

• Infectious diseases are also spread indirectly
  through vectors.
• Vector-borne transmission West Nile Virus
• What is the West Nile Virus?
• How do become infected with West Nile?
• What are the symptoms?

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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West Nile Virus

• West Nile Virus is a viral disease infecting the
  brain and nervous system resulting in meningitis
  or encephalitis.
• Transmission by mosquitoes feeding on infected
  birds
• Symptoms fever, severe headache, convulsions,
  coma death

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Airborne Transmission

• Airborne transmission
• Spread of infectious agents as aerosols that
  usually enter the respiratory tract
• Tiny particles have the ability to remain
  suspended in the air for long periods of time and
  travel long distances.
• Ex Tuberculosis, chicken pox, and measles
• An individual can become infected with TB by
  inhaling infectious airborne particles while on a
  crowded bus.

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Airborne Transmission

• Airborne transmission Tuberculosis
• What is tuberculosis (TB)?
• How do we become infected with TB?
• What are the symptoms?

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Tuberculosis

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a lung disease caused
• by bacteria.
• Transmission sputum droplets by coughing
• Symptoms fever, night sweats, weight loss, and
  chronic cough

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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Promotoras Role in Identifying Infectious
Diseases

• Does the promotora have a responsibility to the
  community when an infectious disease is
  identified?
• How can we identify an infectious disease?
• How can we prevent the spread of this disease?

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/glossary.htm
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PREVENTION

• Hand Hygiene
• Disinfection
• Communication

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Importance of Hand Hygiene

• Hand hygiene includes
• Hand washing
• Hand sanitizer
• Hand washing is the single most important
  practice to prevent the spread of infectious
  disease

www.cdc.gov/cleanhands
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Hand Washing

• Three necessary components of proper hand washing
  include
• Soap
• Clean water
• Friction

www.cdc.gov/cleanhands/
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Proper Hand Washing Technique

• Wet hands with clean warm water.
• Apply soap and rub hands together to create a
  lather.
• Scrub all surfaces of the hands including the
  palms, back of hands, wrists, between fingers,
  and under fingernails.
• Continue washing hands for 20 seconds, about the
  time it takes to sing the Happy Birthday song
  twice.
• Rinse hands well to remove all soap.
• Dry hands completely with a towel or air dryer.
• If available, use a towel to turn off the faucet
  and open the door to avoid recontamination.

www.cdc.gov/cleanhands/
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Easy to Miss Areas

• Proper technique is
• Essential to sanitize hands effectively
• Inadequate or insufficient hand washing causes
  significant areas of the hands to be missed
  fingers, hands, and wrists

www.foodlink.org.uk/factfile_c.asp?file2chapter
2 /
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Frequently Missed Areas
www.foodlink.org.uk/factfile_c.asp?file2chapter
2 /
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When to Wash Hands

• After blowing the nose, sneezing, or coughing
• After going to the bathroom
• After contact with blood or body fluids, such as
  saliva, nasal secretions, urine, feces, or vomit
  (changing diaper)
• After handling garbage or waste
• When hands appear soiled
• Before preparing medicine or handling contact
  lenses

www.cdc.gov/cleanhands/
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When to Wash Hands (2)

• Before preparing, serving, or handling food
• Before eating lunch or snacks
• When sick or after contact with others who are
  sick
• Before and after touching a cut or wound
• Before and after touching the eyes, nose, or
  mouth
• After handling animals, animal waste, or their
  belongings, such as toys or a leash

www.cdc.gov/cleanhands/
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Waterless Alcohol-basedHand Sanitizer

• When to Use
• Substitute when soap and water are not available.
• Ineffective for cleaning hands that are visibly
  dirty.
• Do not substitute when handling or preparing
  food.
• Do not overuse traditional hand washing is best.
• Supervise children while they use hand sanitizer.
• Two necessary components
• Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
• Friction

www.health.state.mn.us/handhygiene/clean.html
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Waterless Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizer Continued

• Proper Technique
• Apply small amount of hand sanitizer to the palm.
• Rub hands together covering all surfaces, much
  like when washing hands with soap and water.
• Rub until hand sanitizer is absorbed completely
  and hands become dry.

www.health.state.mn.us/handhygiene/clean.html
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Hand Washing Absenteeism
 
Am J Infect Control 2002 28 340-6
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• A study of 305 school children found that those
  who washed their hands four times a day had 24
  fewer sick days due to respiratory illness and
  51 fewer sick days due to upset stomach.

www.cdc.gov
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Hand Washing Activity Ideas

• Practice washing hands properly with children.
  Have them sing the HAPPY BIRTHDAY song twice to
  demonstrate 20 seconds.
• Post hand washing facts in bathroom stalls
• For younger kids, place posters in restrooms
  illustrating children washing hands to encourage
  hand hygiene.

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DISINFECTION
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DEFINITIONS

• Cleaning - to remove dirt
• Disinfect - to remove or destroy many of the
  organisms that causes infectious diseases

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DISINFECTION

• SPRAY
• WIPE
• SPRAY
• AIR DRY

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CLEANING DISINFECTING

• Systemize approach
• Work from top to bottom
• From back to front

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PRECAUTIONS FOR DISINFECTION

• Wear protective clothing when recommended by the
  manufacturer and take care to avoid skin contact.
• Wash hands thoroughly after use.
• Use correct concentration.

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RULES FOR DISINFECTION

• Use at the chemicals optimum temperature for
  action.
• Using very hot water can be dangerous. If it
  spills or splashes, it can injure the operator.
• Contact time is important. Use according to
  manufacturers recommendation.
• Make up fresh solutions to ensure effectiveness.

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RULES FOR DISINFECTION

• A disinfectant should have no substance other
  than water added.
• Combination of chemicals can negate the effect of
  the active ingredients in products as well as
  producing unhealthy fumes or causing corrosion.
• Equipment and receptacles used with disinfectants
  should be thoroughly cleaned and rinsed after
  use.
• Any organic material present may reduce the
  effectiveness of the disinfectant.

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General Infection Prevention
Follow general infection prevention measures and
maintain personal hygiene to reduce the spread of
infectious diseases.

• Encourage everyone to wash hands frequently using
  soap and water for 15-20 seconds
• Substitute alcohol-based hand sanitizer when
  clean water and soap are unavailable.
• Promote appropriate respiratory etiquette Cover
  coughs and sneezes with tissue. Throw away
  tissues immediately and use hand hygiene. If a
  tissue is not available, sneeze or cough into the
  elbow or upper sleeve.

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General Infection Prevention (2)

• Remain at home when ill and encourage others to
  do the same.
• Avoid close contact (less than 3 feet of space)
  with those who are sick.
• Maintain and promote good personal hygiene bathe
  and wash hands regularly.
• Discourage touching the eyes, nose, and mouth.
• Ensure commonly used areas such as door handles,
  eating surfaces, and desks are clean and
  disinfected.

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General Infection Prevention (3)

• Keep open wounds clean and covered with a bandage
  until healed.
• Avoid contact with other peoples wounds and
  bandages.
• Discourage sharing eating utensils, glassware, or
  personal items such as toothbrushes, combs,
  razors, towels, clothing or other items that come
  into contact with bare skin.
• Clean shared sports equipment with antiseptic
  before each use
• Avoid skin-to-skin contact with anyone who has a
  Staph infection.
• Encourage a healthy lifestyle that includes a
  nutritious diet and adequate sleep.

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Additional Considerations

• When handling animals, it is important to keep
  in mind the risks of Zoonotic Diseases, or those
  that are transmissible from animals to humans.
• The following considerations are important when
  dealing with
• animals
• Always wash hands very thoroughly after touching
  animals or their belongings
• Ensure animals have current vaccinations and
  receive annual veterinary exams
• Bathe animals regularly
• Avoid contact with animal waste or food
• Only handle a new animal with permission and
  supervision

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COMMUNICATION

• Awareness is important in the prevention of
  transmission of infectious organisms to others.
• Notify others
• if any special precautions or instructions are
  necessary
• In case of emergency, call supervisor or 911

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Fun Online Resources
The following are additional informative internet
links providing more resources to teach children
about infection prevention, including online
games that students can explore in the classroom
or at home.

• FIGHT BAC! Animated bacteria fighting games
• http//www.fooddetectives.org/
• CLEAN HANDS COALITION Hand washing resources
• http//cleaning101.com/files/Clean_Hands_Flyer_2.p
  df
• LATHER UP FOR GOOD HEALTH! Activities by SOFTSOAP
• http//www.colgate.com/app/LatherUpForGoodHealth/
  us/HomePage.cvsp

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Additional Activities Material
Please take a moment to explore the following
online resources for helpful teaching materials
about infection prevention.

• HANDWASHING PROJECT IDEAShttp//www.kdheks.gov/wa
  sh_em/teach_module/wash_em_teachers_module.pdf
• THE WORLD OF GERMS Hand hygiene activities for
  kids
• http//toys.about.com/b/2007/08/13/the-world-of-ge
  rms.htm
• HAND HYGIENE EXPERIMENThttp//www.bam.gov/teacher
  s/activities/epi_4_hand_wash.pdf
• CROSSGERMS CROSSWORD PUZZLE http//www.lysol.c
  om/germ-information-center/resources/

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The End

• This concludes the train-the-trainer activity,
  Infection Control for Promotores. We hope you
  have enjoyed this presentation and will utilize
  and share this information with your communities
  to help everyone keep healthy and prevent the
  spread of infection.

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Contact Information

• USA Center for Rural Public Health Preparedness
• Texas AM Health Science Center
• School of Rural Public Health
• 1266 TAMU
• College Station, Texas 77843-1266
• Phone [phone]
• E-mail USACenter_at_srph.tamhsc.edu
• The CDC-funded Centers for Public Health
  Preparedness are a national network of academic
  institutions working in collaboration with state
  and local public health departments and other
  community partners to provide life-long learning
  opportunities to the public health workforce in
  order to handle the next public health crisis.