CCLC

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Engineering Society of Detroit 2007 Energy
Conference and Exhibition WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
And AIR POLLUTION CONTROL


MEETING THE WORLDS ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL
CHALLENGES Mario Romero
Wow Energy, Inc Texas Energy Center 1650 Hwy 6,
Suite 300 Sugar Land, TX 77478 Tele
281-340-6722 Fax [phone]
www.wowenergies.com email mromero_at_wowenergies.com

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WOW Energy, Inc

• GOALS OBJECTIVES
• Develop technology to convert waste heat to
  electrical power
• Technology did not exist to efficiently convert
  waste heat to power in the 300 F to 700 F
  temperature range
• WOWGenTM combined cycle turbo-expander system 2
  patents issued to date
• Single stage turbo-expanders for low temperature
  heat
• Develop efficient Renewable Energy power plants
• Solar Geothermal Energy (SAGE) - WOWGenTM
• Biomass power plants - WOWGenTM
• Solar power plants - WOWGenTM
• Develop multi-pollutant control technology to
  remove pollutants from flue gases
• WOWCleanTM

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Potential in USA Power Generation (I)
BASED ON THE CAPTURE OF 20 OF THE WASTE
HEAT FROM ENERGY INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES
Total Potential 189 GW
Total Industrial 160 GW
Reference EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2005
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Potential in USA Power Generation (II)
BASED ON THE CAPTURE OF 20 OF THE WASTE
HEAT FROM ENERGY INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES
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Waste Heat Sources
Petrochemical Plant
Cement Plant
Coal Fired Power Plant
Refinery
Furnace
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WOWGenTM Generates Electricity From Any Heat
Source

• Typical Industries Generating Waste Heat
• Power and Utility Industries
• Heavy Industries Steel, Aluminum, Copper,
  Cement, Pulp Paper, Glass, Soda Ash and Waste
  Recycle
• Refinery, Petrochemical and Gasification plants
• Chlor-Alkali Vinyl plants
• Incinerators, Waste to Energy
• Typical Waste Heat Sources
• Fired boilers, gasifiers, heaters/furnaces (gas,
  diesel, coal, nuclear, refuse, pet coke)
• Gas turbine exhaust - continuous, standby,
  peaking, combined cycle units
• Steam turbine exhaust and vented steam
• Internal Combustion (IC) engine exhaust
• Renewable Energy Heat Sources
• Solar energy
• Geothermal steam
• Biomass combustion
• Syngases

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WOWGenTM Generates Electricity and Creates
Capacity
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WOWGenTM - Cascading Closed Loop Cycle - CCLC

• Combined cycle dual turbo-expander system
• Off-the-shelf-components
• Converts heat from the combustion of any fuel
• Converts waste heat to power
• Converts renewable energy to power

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Super CCLC

• Super CCLC replaces vacuum (condensing) steam
  turbine (ST)
• Backpressure ST is combined with WOWGenTM system
• CCLC used to condense steam and produce
  additional power
• Dramatically reduces water usage in ST power
  plants
• Backpressure ST operates above atmospheric
  pressure in a closed loop
• Air is no longer entrained in steam due to vacuum
• Entrained air (oxygen) is cause of steam
  contamination and component corrosion
• Water treatment plants, usage, and waste disposal
  are dramatically reduced

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WOWGenTM HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM
Flue Gas Heat Exchanger (EX101)
Dual Turbo-Expander
Heat Exchanger (EX102)
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WOWGenTM SINGLE COMBINED CYCLE
TURBO-EXPANDER GENERATOR SKID
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WOWGenTM Reduces Thermal and Air Pollution

• Turns Thermal Pollution into Useful Electricity
• Additional Power Generated with no Incremental
  Emissions
• Each MW of Power Generation (compared to coal
  fired plant) Eliminates
• 21 Tons NOx
• 59 Tons SOx
• 8615 Tons of CO2
• Improves Feasibility of Distributed Generation
• Reduces transmission line congestion and losses
• Eliminates power losses due to central generation

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WOWGenTM Saves Valuable Water Resources

• Conventional
• 
  (Water) WOWGenTM
• Boiler /Steam Turbine Water Yes No
• Water Treatment Plant Yes No
• Blowdown Yes No
• Water Condensate Yes No
• Cooling Tower Water Yes Yes
• Chemically Treated Waste Water Yes No
• Minimal usage only if cooling tower is used
  to condense to liquid
• Power is 2nd only to Agriculture as largest
  domestic user of water accounting for 39 of all
  freshwater usage
  (Ref Power Engineering, Oct 2003)

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WOWGenTM Capital Investment is Competitive
POWER PLANT COST COMPARISON
TREND LINE
8,000
FUEL CELL
4000
SOLAR POWER
STERLING ENGINE
COST - / KW
HYDRO POWER
WIND TURBINE
2000
GEOTHERMAL
CCLC FLUE GAS HEAT SOURCE
MICRO-TURBINE
CFB COAL FIRED BOILERS
CHP ORC
1000
GAS TURBINES
IC ENGINES
COMBINED CYCLE
500
CCLC FLUID/ STEAM
HEAT SOURCE
STEAM TURBINES
1.0
10
5.0
50
100
500
POWER PLANT CAPACITY - MW
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RENEWABLE / REUSABLE ENERGY

WHY NOT CLASSIFY REUSABLE ENERGY AS RENEWABLE?
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WOWGenTM Net Output vs Flue Gas Temperature
Flow
SCFM
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
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WOWGenTM Net Annual Power Savings - Millions
KW
20,000
10,000
5,000
3,000
1,000
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WOWGenTM Simple Payback Period - Years
Cents/Kw-Hr
4
5
6
7
8
9
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Potential Tax Credits, Emission Credits
Incentives

• 200/KW Production Tax Credit
• Max size 2,000 kw WOWGenTM power plant
  (400,000/plant)
• Reduces income tax by 80,000/yr for 5 years
• Must be installed by 12/31/07
• NOx/SOx/Particulate Emission Credits/Offsets
• Provides Ability to Meet CO2 Commitments
• Generate power with zero Greenhouse Gases
• Generate power with zero emissions
• Power Generated Applies to Renewable Portfolio
  Standards (RPS)
• Percentage of utility output must come from
  renewable energy or utility pays fee of
  cents/kw-hr
• States can qualify waste heat recovery as
  applicable
• Renewable Energy Credits
• Applies to biomass fuel
• 0.9 to 1.9 cents/kw-hr (open vs closed loop)
• SOx, Hg and Heavy Metals Removal Allows Burning
  Lower Cost High Sulfur/High Heavy Metals Coal
  and/or Petcoke

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WOWGenTM is a Reality

• Siemens Building Technologies Dyess Air Force
  Base
• Waste to Energy Gasification Project
• 8 MW Power Generation
• Allow base to remove itself from off-base
  electrical grid and maintain 100 operations
• Divert 250 tons/day MSW from landfill
• Funded Projects
• Lime plants
• Pulp/paper
• Gas plant
• Steel plant
• Projects under consideration
• Gas Pipeline, Lime, Cement, Steel, Biomass,
  Solar, Geothermal

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WOW Energies TECHNOLOGY Pollution Reduction
System that Generates Electricity

• WOWGenTM reduces/eliminates flue gas pollutants
  by reducing final exhaust temperatures to near
  ambient
• At reduced temperatures, vaporized pollutants
  such as Mercury, Vanadium, Cadmium, Chromium,
  Zinc and Lead are forced to condense
• Low flue gas temperatures are favorable for
  elimination of pollutants in flue gas using
  WOWCleanTM
• WOWGenTM eliminates water pollution/usage
• 75 of all electricity produced with steam - 2nd
  only to irrigation in water usage
• produces power without using water/steam
• WOWCleanTM system can be used as a standalone
  unit or with the WOWGenTM to remove remaining
  pollutants
• Integrated reactor wet electrostatic
  precipitator (WESP)
• Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) oxidation
  without metal catalysts
• Dual alkali system oxidizes pollutants to water
  soluble compounds for removal
• Meets/Exceeds all EPA emission reduction
  criteria, including Mercury

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WOWGenTM and WOWCleanTM System
Typical WOWGenTM Installation
WOWGenTM System (Removal of any Residual SOx, NOx
Heavy Metals)
Pristine Flue Gases Discharge (1) to Atmosphere
120 0F Flue Gases From CCLC Stack
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Flue Gases
Specialty Additive
Specialty Additive
Make-up Solution
Make-up Solution
Condensed Products
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Environmentally Friendly Solution
Note (1) May require exhaust fan
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TCEQ Grant
WOWCleanTM Pilot Plant

• TCEQ grant of 1.6 MM ( 220 K in matching
  funds) April 2005
• Project to build mobile pilot plant to
  demonstrate and commercialize flue gas cleaning
  technology
• Design/build pilot plant with flexibility to test
  a broad range of emission reduction capabilities
• Identified two host sites for trials
  
  (1) AES Deepwater, Pasadena, TX 150 MW
  petcoke fired power plant
  (2) Boralex, Livermore, MA
  40 MW wood fired power plant
• Verify test results with independent third party
  verification of test results
• Monthly reporting on progress and use of funds
• Final report to be issued December 2006

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WOWCleanTM Pilot Plant Advantages

• Superior low temperature multi-pollutant control
  technology
• Fully mobile, can be installed in any plant to
  test flue gases
• Compact design, yet operates as a full scale unit
• Allows optimization of design prior to
  installation of full scale plant

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WOWCleanTM Features

• 95 NOx SOx (tested 100 removal)
• 85 Mercury
• 90 Vaporized heavy metals
• 99.5 Particulate removal
• 25 CO2 (tested 85 removal)

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WOWCleanTM Lower Capital Investment, Operating
and Maintenance Costs
WOWCleanTM Other Low
Temperature Operation Yes No Multi-Pollutant
Removal Yes No Integrated System Yes No En
d of Line Installation Yes No Minimal
Downtime Yes No 90 of Installation can occur
while Yes No unit is in operation Catalyst to
be replaced No Yes Potential for detached
plume No Yes Supplemental Fuel to reheat flue
gas No Yes Increased parasitic
load No Yes Requires changing plant
configuration No Yes Note Generates profits
when used with WOWGenTM to convert waste heat to
power.
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CEMS Emission Measurement Probe
Reactor 2
Reactor 1
Control Panel
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WOWCleanTM Test Results

• ROBUST SYSTEM
• Impervious to changing power loads and varying
• inlet pollutant levels
• Test runs (each in triplicate)
• 100 power load
• 50 power load
• Removal rates remained relatively constant
• despite wide swings in inlet
  composition/pollutant
• levels and plant loads

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WOWCleanTM Test Results Test Site Boralex 40
MW Wood Waste Power Plant
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WOWCleanTM Test ResultsTest Site - AES 150 MW
Petcoke Fired Power Plant
Note 6 Sulfur Fuel
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WOWCleanTM
SOx
Removal Tests
Petcoke Fired Power Plant (6 Sulfur
Fuel)
INLET SOx
Note
Inlet NOx of up to 450 ppm was 100 NO. The NO
was converted to approximately 50 to 75 ppm of
water soluble NO2. Tests to remove all NO2 were
conducted at the wood waste fired power plant
with 100 removal achieved see Chart 17
OUTLET SOx (0 to 5 ppm)
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WOWCleanTM
NOx
Removal Tests
Wood Waste Fired Power Plant
INLET NOx
Notes (1) Demonstrated 100 NOx Removal
(2) Demonstrated 85 Mercury Removal
OUTLET NOx
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WOWCleanTM
CO2
Removal Tests
Wood Waste Fired Power Plant
INLET CO2
OUTLET CO2
Notes (1) Demonstrated 100 NOx Removal
(2) Demonstrated 85 Mercury Removal
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Conclusion - WOW Energies Technologies

• WOWGenTM - Patented Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
  Power Plants
• Generate Power and Create Capacity
• Recover Waste Heat from flue gases, steam or hot
  fluids
• Reduce Thermal and Air Pollution
• Save Valuable Water Resources
• Demonstrate a Competitive Rate of Return
• Support Distributed Generation
• Ideal for lt1 MW to 25 MW power generation
• Solar, biomass geothermal standalone power
  plants
• WOWCleanTM - Integrated Multi-Pollutant Emission
  Control
• Low temperature process
• Integrates Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP),
  Non-Thermal Plasma and Scrubber technology
• Remove NOx, SOx, Hg, CO2, PM, Heavy Metals