200607 USAV Referee Clinic RVA

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(No Transcript)
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USAV Officials DivisionReferee Administration
Glenn Sapp Vice PresidentKathy Ferraraccio
AVP, Referee CommissionTom Blue AVP,
International RefereesSteve Owen AVP, Outdoor
Volleyball Emi Vishoot Associate VP,
Administration Steve Thorpe National Indoor
Rules InterpreterPatty Salvatore National
Outdoor Rules InterpreterBen Jordan Chair,
Rules Testing CommissionMary Blalock
Director, Evaluation Training for National
RefereesCharles Ezigbo Director, Evaluation
Training for Jr National RefereesBrian Hemelgarn
Director, RVA Referee Development
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Agenda

• Referee Uniform Equipment
• Entering the Facility Pre-match Procedures
• Duties During the Match
• Ball Handling Calls Other Rulings
• Match Administration Game Procedures
• Sanctions
• Officials, Their Duties Mechanics
• Officiating Resources

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Referee Uniform Equipment
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Required Uniform

• White (Certified Volleyball Official) long- or
  short-sleeved polo shirt
• USAV referee patch recommend regionally,
  required nationally FIVB arbitre patch may be
  worn regionally and nationally by USA Intl
  referees
• Dark navy blue slacks (NO jeans or faded pants)
• Blue or black belt
• Solid white shoes and white socks
• Well-groomed and neat in appearance
• Optional - Certified Official V-neck sweater
  (approved for on-court wear by either referee)
• Optional white sweater vest (approved for
  on-court wear by either referee)

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Referee Equipment

• Whistle with lanyard
• Watch (with second hand or timer)
• Yellow and Red Cards
• Coin for coin toss
• Domestic Competition Regulations
• Optional - net height measuring device
• Optional - ball pressure gauge and pump

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Entering The Facility
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Entering the Facility

• Arrive at least 30 minutes prior to start time
• Locate event manager or tournament director
• Determine format and protocols
• With partner, introduce to coaches, spending
  minimal but equal time with both
• Responsibilities begin with arrival courtside

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Entering the Facility

• Facility Court Inspection
• Service zone Are sideline extensions present
  to define the service zone?
• Are attack lines extended, if necessary?
• Overhead obstructions
• Playing vs. non-playing areas Adjacent courts?
  Pursuit? Sport Court or other portable surface?
  Safety issues? Location of spectators?

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Match Equipment

• Game balls color and pressure
• Net height tautness exposed tensioning
  devices posts/supports and padding antennas
  vertical tape markers (if used)
• Referee stand
• Scoreboard or flip score
• Timing device

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Player Uniforms Equipment

• Player uniforms
• Matching shirts/jerseys and shorts
• Differing manufacturer logos are permitted
• Sleeve length may vary (short vs long)
  sleeveless shirts or tank tops not considered
  matching
• Exposed undergarments
• Number placement and visibility

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Player Uniforms Equipment

• The Libero uniform
• Contrasting jersey
• Re-designated Libero uniform
• Differing shorts permitted

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Player Uniforms Equipment

• Player equipment
• Splints, braces and casts
• Allowed on hand or arm provided it does not give
  the player an artificial advantage or pose risk
  of injury may need to be covered or padded
• Medical devices (insulin pumps, etc.)
• Permitted provided such a device poses no risk of
  injury to player or other participants cannot
  give artificial advantage

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Pre-match Procedures
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Pre-match Procedures

• Captains meeting
• Introductions
• Ground rules
• Warm-up protocol match format
• Jewelry
• Libero replacements substitution procedure
• Sanction procedure
• Second referee input
• Answer questions
• Coin toss

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Pre-match Procedures

• Meet with scorekeeper and assistant scorekeeper
• Review scorekeeper duties
• Recording subs, time-outs and sanctions
• Informing referees of subs, time-outs taken and
  illegal substitutions
• Verify server before each serve
• Ensure lineups are recorded correctly
• End of set/match procedures.

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Pre-match Procedures

• Meet with scorekeeper and assistant scorekeeper
• Review assistant scorekeeper duties
• Use of tracking sheet for Libero replacements and
  substitutions
• Handling illegal Libero replacements
• Communication with scorekeeper.

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Pre-match Procedures

• Meet with line judges
• Positioning on court
• Prior to match
• During time-outs (mid-point of endline)
• Between sets (neutral area)
• When server is within 4-5 of line judge (step
  behind server in line with sideline extended).

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Pre-match Procedures

• Meet with line judges
• Calls and signals
• Balls landing in or out
• Foot faults by the server
• Foot faults by players outside the court lines
• Touches
• Help with pancake digs near the floor

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Pre-match Procedures

• Meet with line judges
• Calls and signals (cont)
• Balls crossing over or outside an antenna
• Ball touching an antenna
• Implications of Pursuit Rule, if being used
• Screened from viewing a play
• Reporting rude remarks or inappropriate behavior
• Review signals (with or without flags)
• Signals should be held long enough to be seen by
  a referee

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Pre-match Procedures

• Referees pre-match communication
• Rule changes
• Ground rules
• Assistance with judgment calls
• how when to signal
• Use of informal signals
• Sanction procedures
• Bench control

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Pre-match Procedures

• Referees pre-match communication
• First referee determines who will conduct the
  deciding set coin toss
• Post-match procedures
• Toot-n-Scoot
• Include scorekeepers and line judges in the
  post-match debrief when appropriate

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Pre-match Procedures

• Warm-up Procedures
• First referee must supervise the warm-ups
• May request second referee to time the segments
• Ensure safety
• Observe skill level of teams
• Review teams for jewelry and uniform/equipment
  legality
• Verify Libero jersey contrast

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During The Match
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During the Match

• Signal teams to end lines or onto court
• Check lineups
• During service
• Eight second violation
• Five seconds for 14 Under
• Re-serves not allowed
• 14 Under a re-serve is allowed for each
  serve five seconds permitted per attempt

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During the Match

• During service (continued)
• Foot faults by the server
• Served ball contacting antenna or obstruction
• Served ball contacting net
• No requests after the beckon
• Positional faults

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During the Match

• During service (continued)
• Screening
• Movement of players on serving team
• Flight of ball
• Separation of players
• Players bending over
• Server must be visible to receiving team

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During the Match

• During service (continued)
• Blocking or attacking the serve
• Attacking is illegal only if ball is attacked
  while the ball is in the front zone and
  completely higher than the top of the net
• Player, other than server, off the court
• A rally begins with the service contact

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During the Match

• Ball in or out of play
• Ball is in when it lands in the court or on the
  lines
• Ball must cross the net between the antennas
  (Pursuit Rule implications)
• Ball is in if any part touches the line

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During the Match

• Ball in or out of play (continued)
• Ball is out of play when
• the ball lands completely outside the boundary
  lines
• the ball contacts an object or person outside the
  playing area
• the ball contacts the ceiling or overhead objects
  above opponent's court
• the ball contacts the ceiling or overhead objects
  above team playing area and crosses into
  opponent's court
• the ball contacts an antenna, or any part of the
  net system outside the antenna.

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During the Match

• Ball in or out of play (continued)
• Ball is out of play when
• the ball completely crosses the plane of the net
  outside the antenna (Pursuit Rule implications)
• the ball contacts any object over non-playing
  areas.
• The play ends with the referee's whistle.

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Ball Handling Calls
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Ball Handling Calls

• Sets (overhand ball handling)
• Double hits
• Allowed on first contact
• Caught or thrown
• One-handed sets
• Use same judgment as two-handed set
• Judge contact, not technique
• Concept of over-control vs under control

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Ball Handling Calls

• Passes or digs (underhand/forearm ball
  handling)
• Allowable multiple contacts
• Illegal multiple contacts
• Contact with the ball made only by hair is
  ignored not a touch
• Caught or thrown ball
• Digs out of the net consistency with other
  calls
• Judge contact, not technique

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Ball Handling Calls

• Tips and dumps
• Duration of contact
• Same latitude as sets
• Direction of the ball before and after contact
• Caught/thrown ball
• Judge contact, not technique

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Ball Handling Calls

• Attacking
• Point of contact in relationship to the rest of
  the body
• Contact of ball must be made above that players
  own playing space reaching beyond net to save
  a ball is illegal if contact is made with ball
  above opponents playing space
• Duration of contact
• Judge contact, not technique

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Ball Handling Calls

• Blocking
• Definition player reaching higher than the top
  of the net
• Duration of contact
• Directional blocks
• Trapping the ball against the net
• Illegal or legal blocker
• Ball rolling down the body probably legal
• Contacting the ball before the hitter
• Reaching beyond the net when is it allowed?
• Collective blocks only players who meet the
  definition of a blocker can be considered part of
  a collective block
• Non-blocking back row setter in the area of the
  block may be 1st team hit or a block

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Ball Handling Calls

• Four Hits
• Watch closely for blocking team contact after
  third team hit
• Determine if part of the ball has touched the
  block along with the net
• If third hit is not contacted by the block and
  ball is contacted again by the attacker, two
  hits" is called if the attackers teammate
  contacts the ball, four hits is called
• Line judges do not assist in making this call

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Ball Handling Calls

• Back row attacks/blocks
• Attackers foot/feet position in relation to the
  attack line
• Position of ball above or (partly) below the top
  of the net as a factor for back row attacks
• Position of player above or below the top of the
  net as a factor for back row blocks
• Ball legally blocked back into an attacker
• Ball legally blocked back into a setter trying to
  retrieve it from near the plane of the net
• Simultaneous contact of a ball in the plane of
  the net by a back row player (setter) and an
  opposing player

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Other Rulings
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Other Rulings

• Net play
• Net driven into player
• Contact with the net is not a fault unless the
  player is in the action of playing the ball or
  such contact interferes with play contacting the
  ball is not a requirement to be considered
  playing the ball
• Contact with antenna by player (illegal)
• Contact with net supports by player (legal)
• Intentionally blocking through the net

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Other Rulings

• Center line
• Hand or foot on or above center line (legal)
• Hands or feet completely over the line, or other
  body parts in contact with opponents court
  (illegal)
• Crossing under the net outside the sideline
  (including Pursuit Rule implications)
• Interference with the opposing team
• Penetration under the plane of the net without
  contacting the floor

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Other Rulings

• Potential play-over situations
• Inadvertent whistles
• Play ends and ball is out of play
• Referee makes ruling not penalizing either team
• Objects less than 2m (66) from the court
  interfering with ability to play the ball
• Ball contacts overhead object less than 4.6m
  (15) above playing area
• Ball contacts a person (referee, line judge,
  spectator) in free zone during legal attempt to
  play the ball

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Other Rulings

• Potential play-over situations
• Ball comes to rest on an overhead object above
  team's playing area and is still playable
• Simultaneous faults
• Joust play is legal
• Object coming onto the court and interfering with
  play
• Play is stopped due to injury anywhere on court
  or free zone

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Other Rulings

• Whistles
• Simultaneous whistles that occur just as whistle
  for serve is blown
• First referee determines which occurred first
• Either allow request or assess improper request
• Simultaneous whistles that occur to end a play
• First referee determines which fault occurred
  first
• If referee cannot decide which whistle occurred
  first, award a play-over

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Match Administration
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Match Administration

• Substitutions
• Unlimited player entries
• Twelve (12) substitutions per team, plus
  unlimited Libero replacements
• Re-entry into the set must be in the same
  position
• Substitution area between center line and attack
  line

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Match Administration

• Substitutions (continued)
• Requested only by the head coach or captain
• Location of coach(es) and substitutes
• Substitute entering the sub zone constitutes a
  request
• Players must wait until authorized by the second
  referee to enter the set
• For multiple substitutions by the same team, each
  substitute must enter the substitution zone
  successively, on at a time
• Subs may leave bench/warm-up area for medical
  reasons coach/captain must make every effort to
  notify referees of the departure

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Match Administration

• Libero replacements
• Libero number on the lineup sheet at the
  beginning of the match
• Libero may not serve as team or game captain

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Match Administration

• Libero replacements
• Replacement of players
• The Libero may replace any back row player
• Replacements are unlimited, but one rally must
  occur between replacements
• Libero must be replaced by player whom the Libero
  replaced (the replacement may then be substituted
  before the next play begins)
• Replacements take place when the ball is out of
  play
• Replacement location all replacements must
  occur over the sideline between the attack line
  and the end line
• Late replacements (after beckon but before
  service contact)

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Match Administration

• Libero
• Libero playing actions
• Back row player only
• May not complete an attack hit when the ball is
  entirely above the top of the net from anywhere
  on the court
• May not block, attempt to block or serve
• Restrictions on attack hits after Libero makes an
  overhand fingertip pass in the front zone

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Match Administration

• Libero
• Re-designation of injured Libero
• Injured Libero must first be replaced by the
  player s/he replaced
• Re-designation does not have to happen
  immediately, but can occur at coachs discretion
• Only a re-designated Libero may wear a bib or
  vest the number must be visible
• Re-designated Libero may be any substitute
  (players not in set at time of re-designation)
• Injured Libero may not return to the match once
  re-designation occurs

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Match Administration

• Timeouts
• Requested only by the head coach or captain
• Location of coach
• Duration
• 30 seconds no warning whistle
• Two timeouts per team per set
• Third time-out request is an improper request (or
  team delay if IR has already been assessed)

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Match Administration

• Timeouts (continued)
• Location of teams during timeout
• Players may remain on court or go to free zone
  near team bench during timeout coaches/subs may
  not enter court
• Referees may direct teams to leave court for
  administrative purposes
• Administered by second referee

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Match Administration

• Injuries
• Stop play immediately, not just on playing area,
  but injury occurring anywhere
• Allow up to 30 seconds for assessment of injury
• If player is not ready to resume play after 30
  seconds, a substitution or timeout must result
• Allow sufficient time for injured player to be
  safely removed from playing area
• No other substitution request may be made until
  injury is resolved

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Match Administration

• Injuries (continued)
• Special injury timeout
• Only used when there are no legal substitutions
  available
• Lasts a maximum of three minutes
• Only one special injury timeout allowed per
  player per match
• Regular timeouts may be used in conjunction with
  the injury timeout

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Match Administration

• Injuries (continued)
• Priority of who may be an exceptional sub for an
  injured player
• Person who has played in the same position as the
  injured player during that set or any player that
  has not already been in the set
• Any player on the bench regardless of previous
  position played
• Libero
• An injured player replaced by exceptional
  substitution may not return to the match

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Match Administration

• Injuries (continued)
• Blood issues
• Stop play for blood on equipment
• Stop play for blood on player and/or uniform
• A bleeding player is treated as any other injury
  (30 seconds to resume play) if additional time
  is needed to address blood on equipment or the
  court, that time may be used to enable the
  injured player to return

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Match Administration

• Protest Procedures
• Must be lodged by captain coach may act as
  captain for 14 Under competition
• Time factors for lodging protests between sets,
  after match
• No penalty for a protest that is not upheld

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Match Administration

• Crowd control
• Event host or tournament management should
  resolve

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Sanctions
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Sanctions

• Improper Requests
• First improper request in a match
• Signaled with a wave off and request is denied
• On score sheet, slash the IR, note the team (A or
  B), the set, and the score at the time of the
  improper request
• Second and subsequent improper requests in a
  match results in a team delay sanction
• Improper request may be preceded by a team delay
  warning or penalty

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Sanctions

• Improper Requests (continued)
• Examples of Improper Requests
• A request during a rally or after the
  authorization for service
• A request by someone other than the head coach or
  captain
• A request for a 13th substitution
• A request for a third timeout
• A request for a substitution that would result in
  a wrong position entry

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Sanctions

• Team Delays
• First team delay in a match is a team delay
  warning
• Signaled with hand held against back of opposite
  wrist
• On score sheet, slash the D in Warning column,
  note the team (A or B), the set and the score at
  the time of the TDW
• Second and subsequent team delay in a match is a
  team delay penalty
• Signaled with yellow card against back of
  opposite wrist
• On score sheet, write D in Penalty column, note
  the team (A or B), the set and the score at the
  time of the TDP

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Sanctions

• Team Delays (continued)
• Examples of Team Delays
• Delay in completing a substitution
• Prolonging a game interruption after either
  referee request play to resume
• Request for illegal substitution
• Second and subsequent improper request in a match
• Delay of game by any team member

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Sanctions

• Individual Warnings
• No further penalty is assessed with the hand
  signal or verbal warning
• Assessed for minor unsporting conduct by an
  individual
• First referee may call the player to the stand
  (This is your warning), or may whistle and
  signal (finger wag)
• For a team member on the bench, the first referee
  may whistle and signal (finger wag), or may
  request captain to report the warning to the team
  member
• Warnings are not recorded on the score sheet and
  have no further consequence

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Sanctions

• Individual Penalties (Yellow Card)
• All penalties remain in force for the match
• The team is sanctioned with a loss of rally
  (point for the opponent)
• Penalties assessed for rude behavior include, but
  are not limited to
• Rude, obnoxious behavior or profanity
• Stomping feet, shouting or yelling at opponents
  during play
• Deliberate contact with an opponent

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Sanctions

• Individual Penalties (Yellow Card)
• A penalty does not require a previous warning
• A referee may not give two individual penalties
  to the same team member in the same match.
• Yellow card is held in the hand on the side of
  the net of the offending individual.

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Sanctions

• Individual Penalties (Yellow Card)
• For a player on the court, the first referee must
  call the player to the stand and says, This
  penalty is for you for unsporting behavior.
• For a team member on the bench, the first referee
  must call the captain to the stand, inform
  him/her of the sanction, and ask the captain to
  report the sanction to the team member. The team
  member must stand and raise a had to acknowledge
  the sanction.
• On the score sheet, enter the players number (or
  appropriate code letter for other team members)
  in the Penalty column, note the team (A or B),
  the set, and the score at the time of the penalty.

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Sanctions

• Expulsion (Red Card)
• Assessed for a second act of rude behavior or
  first act of offensive conduct in a match does
  not require previous warning or penalty
• No other penalty is assessed at the time of
  expulsion
• Offensive conduct includes but is not limited to
• Offensive conduct
• Defamatory or obscene words, insulting gestures
  or comments

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Sanctions

• Expulsion (Red Card)
• For a player on the court, the first referee must
  call the player to the stand and says, You are
  expelled for offensive conduct.
• For a team member on the bench, the first referee
  must call the captain to the stand, inform
  him/her of the expulsion, and ask the captain to
  report the expulsion to the team member. The
  team member must go to the Penalty Area.
• In the absence of a Penalty Area, expelled
  players or subs remain seated on the bench other
  team members (coaches, etc.) must leave the
  playing, bench and warm-up areas for the
  remainder of the set. Expelled team members are
  subject to further sanction.
• An expulsion is recorded in the Comments section.

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Sanctions

• Disqualification (Yellow Red Cards together)
• Assessed for a repeated act of offensive conduct
  or a first act of aggression in a match does not
  require previous warning, penalty or expulsion
• No other penalty is assessed at the time of
  expulsion
• The individual is disqualified from the remainder
  of the match
• Aggressive conduct includes but is not limited
  to
• Intended aggression
• Physical attack

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Sanctions

• Disqualification (Yellow Red Cards together)
• Location of disqualified team member
• Must leave the Competition Control Area, defined
  as playing area, bench and warm-up areas, and
  spectator areas, as a minimum.
• A disqualification is noted in the Comments
  section of the scoresheet as
• DQ or Disqualificiation, the individuals
  number (or coach, asst coach, etc.), the team
  (A or B), the set and the score at the time of
  the disqualification

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Sanctions

• General rules for sanctions
• Only the first referee may issue sanctions the
  second referee may request a sanction from the
  first referee
• A player on the court must approach the stand to
  acknowledge a sanction
• The captain must approach the stand when
  requested to acknowledge a sanction given to a
  team member on the bench
• No individual sanction requires a previous
  warning or sanction
• All sanctions are in force for the duration of
  the match, including team delays

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End of Set/Match Procedures
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End of Set/Match Procedures

• Procedures
• Players do not go to end line if there is another
  set to be played a whistle and the signal to
  change courts is given immediately after
  signaling end of game
• Players go to their team bench during the coin
  toss for a deciding set
• Players change courts without delay at eight
  points in a deciding set
• Players to end line at end of match

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Officials Their Duties
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Officials Their Duties

• First referee
• Has ultimate authority over the match
• May overrule any other official
• Inspects playing area and equipment
• Conducts coin toss and captains' meeting (may
  request second referee to conduct deciding set
  coin toss)
• Supervises team warm-ups (may request second
  referee to time each segment)

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Officials Their Duties

• First referee (continued)
• Determines serving faults and screening
• Whistles positional faults of the serving team
• Whistles ball handling violations
• Communicates with second referee during match
• Assesses sanctions
• Indicates which team scores points and serves
  next

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Officials Their Duties

• Second referee
• Assists first referee
• Verifies lineups for each team before each set
• Mimics all signals of first referee
• Discreetly signals violations blocked from first
  referee's view
• Works with scorekeeper and assistant scorekeeper

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Officials Their Duties

• Second referee (continued)
• Authorizes and controls timeouts and
  substitutions
• Supervises injury situations
• Verbally and visually notifies coach when 10th,
  11th, and 12th substitutions are used
• Whistles player contact with the net and antennas
  (on both the R1 and R2 side of the court)

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Officials Their Duties

• Second referee (continued)
• Whistles player contact with any portion of the
  net in accordance with Rule 11.3.1
• Whistles antennas on R2s side of court may also
  assist first referee with a ball crossing behind
  the first referee
• Whistles center line violations
• Whistles positional faults of the receiving team

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Officials Their Duties

• Second referee (continued)
• Whistles back row player faults (signal to R1
  first)
• Whistles a ball contacting the floor (signal to
  R1 first)
• Stops play for balls crossing the net outside the
  R2s antenna (Pursuit Rule implications)
• Stops play when a ball contacts an
  object/equipment outside the antenna
• Communicates with first referee during match

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Officials Their Duties

• Scorekeeper
• Before the match
• Records names of first and second referee, line
  judges and scorekeeper
• May prepare the score sheets for the minimum
  number of sets to be played
• Records starting lineups for both teams
• Assists the R2 with lineup verification before
  the start of each set

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Officials Their Duties

• Scorekeeper (continued)
• During the match
• Records the score and ensures the serving order
  is followed correctly
• Checks the eligibility of all substitutes before
  entering the court
• Records timeouts and notifies referees of number
  of timeouts taken by both teams
• After recording subs or at the end of a timeout,
  indicates readiness by raising both hands
• Records all information if a protest is lodged

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Officials Their Duties

• Scorekeeper (continued)
• Post-match
• Verifies the score
• Ensures all information is complete on the score
  sheet
• Signs the score sheet

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Officials Their Duties

• Assistant Scorekeeper
• Duties
• Ensures that when the Libero leaves the court,
  the player originally replaced returns to the
  court
• Ensures a rally has occurred between Libero
  replacements
• Records regular team substitutions in addition to
  Libero replacements

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Officials Their Duties

• Line Judges
• Duties
• Ball in or out
• Signal when view is blocked
• Server or other player commits a line violation
  at time of service contact
• Antennas (and Pursuit Rule implications)
• Touches
• Positioning during play also when server is
  4-5 from line judges position

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Officiating Mechanics
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Officials Their Duties

• Hand Signals
• Clear, visible and executed away from the body
• Held long enough to convey the call
• Complete each signal before displaying the next
  signal (indicate loss of rally/next team to serve
  before signaling fault, for example)
• Establish a consistent tempo dont rush

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Officials Their Duties

• Hand Signals
• First referee signal sequence when making a call
• Whistle to stop play
• Indicate next team to serve/loss of rally
• Signal nature of fault (and player at fault, if
  necessary)

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Officials Their Duties

• Hand Signals
• Second referee signal sequence when making a call
• Whistle to stop play
• Signal nature of fault (and player at fault, if
  necessary)
• Mimic first referees indication of next team to
  serve/loss of rally

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Officials Their Duties

• Whistle technique
• Clear, sharp and authoritative
• Reaction time should result in whistle blown
  promptly
• Each interruption request requires a separate
  whistle, including simultaneous requests by
  opponents during the same dead-ball period

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Officials Their Duties

• Whistle technique (continued)
• Tones may vary for different purposes (timeout,
  fault, substitution, injury, etc.)
• Separation of service whistle and signal to
  authorize service
• Separation of whistle and loss of rally signal
  (first referee)
• Separation of whistle and fault signal (second
  referee)

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Officials Their Duties

• Second referee mechanics
• Focus on receiving team at service
• Transition to blockers' side during rally
• Recommended procedure After play, step away
  from post to side of net of the team at fault,
  then mimic first referee
• If second referee whistles the fault, the step
  must be to the side at fault

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Officials Their Duties

• Second referee mechanics (contd)
• Scan both benches during dead balls to be
  attentive to timeouts, substitutions or other
  needed communication
• Serve and protect the first referee, especially
  as first response to coaches concerns do not
  delay the match to entertain questions or
  comments regarding judgment decisions

97
Officials Their Duties

• Second referee mechanics (contd)
• Substitution procedure
• Administer the substitution from the normal work
  area of the second referee in a location that
  allows the scorekeeper to clearly view the
  players involved in the substitution
• In-coming and out-going subs meet within the
  substitution zone (in succession, one sub at a
  time for multiple subs by same team) and must see
  the authorization to enter signal from the
  second referee prior to entering

98
Officials Their Duties

• Second referee mechanics (contd)
• Substitution procedure (contd)
• Technique for administering simultaneous
  substitution requests from both teams (requires a
  whistle for each teams request)
• After releasing substitutes, repeat substitute
  numbers to scorekeeper as needed
• Signal to first referee to indicate that play may
  begin, i.e., ready signal

99
2006-07 Technique Review
100
Signal Mechanics Review

• Official Hand Signals
• Illegal Attack/Back Row Attack

Raise the arm, hand open, on the side of the net
of the offending player and make a downward
motion over the net, palm down. Indicate the
player at fault, if necessary, by pointing with
an open hand.
101
Signal Mechanics Review

• Official Hand Signals
• Penetration into Opponents Court/Ball Crossing
  the Lower Space
• When a ball completely crosses beyond the
  centerline in the space below the net, or when a
  player illegally contacts the opponents court,
  the referees will indicate the fault by pointing
  to the centerline with the index finger of the
  hand on the offending teams side of the net.
  (It may also be necessary to indicate the player
  at fault by pointing with an open hand.)

102
Signal Mechanics Review

• Official Hand Signals
• Double Contact and Four Hits
• Double contact Signaled when a player hits the
  ball twice in succession or the ball contacts
  various parts of his/her body in succession.
  This includes plays in which the same player
  makes the third and fourth team hits.
• Four hits a team hits the ball four times
  before returning it to the opponent. This
  includes plays in which the player who makes the
  fourth team hit is not the same player who made
  the third team hit.

103
Signal Mechanics Review

• Official Hand Signals
• Substitution Signal
• Make a circular motion, hands closed, around the
  forearms. Two rotations is sufficient.

104
Referee Resources
105
Referee Resources

• www.usavolleyball.org
• The USA Volleyball website
• Includes links to
• USA Womens Mens National Volleyball Teams
• 40 USAV regions
• national competitions for juniors and adults
• USAV Officials Division resources
• Downloads rule book, casebook, rule
  interpretations and related officiating documents

106
Referee Resources

• www.fivb.org
• The International Volleyball Federation website
• Includes links to
• All FIVB world competitions, including World
  League, World Grand Prix, the Olympic Games
• FIVB rulebook, casebook and refereeing guidelines
• Links to confederations, i.e., NORCECA (USA,
  Canada, Mexico, Caribbean), CEV (Europe), etc.
• FIVB programs, goals, history and future

107
Referee Resources

• www.pavo.org
• Professional Association of Volleyball Officials
• Includes links to
• Collegiate officiating information
• Training Certification for collegiate officials
• Rule interpretations and bulletins
• PAVO Convention details
• OTP Clinics sites and hosts