Final presentation Chhattisgarh

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POST-TSUNAMI REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
PLAN FOR FISHERIES SECTOR IN ACEH AND NIAS,
INDONESIA
By Mian Sahala Sitanggang MINISTRY OF MARINE
AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES, INDONESIA
Presented at the 8th Pacific Rim Fisheries
Conference Hanoi, Vietnam, 22 24 March 2006
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CONTENT

• Pre-tsunami fisheries in Aceh and Nias
• Tsunami damage of fisheries in Aceh and Nias
• Strategy for rehabilitation and reconstruction
• Phasing of rehabilitation and reconstruction
  program
• Short-term rehabilitation activities
• Medium-term reconstruction activities
• Funding and main players
• Intervention fisheries sector
• Key Issues
• Recommendation

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PRE-TSUNAMI FISHERIES

• Small Scale Fisheries Aceh in Figures (2003)
• Fisheries in Aceh
• Capture Production 134,000 tons
• Value US 86 million
• 88,000 fishermen of which 53,000 fulltime
• Fishing fleet 23,000 (4-24 mtrs) of which 13,000
  boats in north-east coast
• 9,000 no engine
• 4,500 outboard engine
• 10,000 inboard engine
• Fisheries in Nias
• 6,000 fishermen of which 4,600 fulltime
• Fishing fleet 3,000 (5-6,5 mtrs), outboard

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PRE-TSUNAMI FISHERIES

• Small scale aquaculture in figures 2003
• 36,000 ha mostly brackish water ponds
• 29,000 tons
• Value 56.3 million
• 15,000 farmers
• 94,000 estimated direct employed
• Average 1-2 ha p/p, low input

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Tsunami damage

• 167,000 dead and missing
• 800 km coastline affected, 2-6 km
• 650 villages and towns
• 540,000 homeless

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Tsunami damage fisheries

• 9,038 fishermen died (10 of 88.000 fishers)
• 0.6 billion loss in Fisheries-based livelihood
  (50 livelihood of 1.2 billion damage in the
  productive sectors as a whole)
• Total 38 million loss (craft 10 million, gear
  18 million, and engine 10 million)

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Tsunami damage fisheries

• 10,000 boats lost and damaged
• OB 2.800 (60)
• IB 4.000 (40)
• non 3.200 (35)
• Fishing port, Landing sites, fuel station, ice
  plant, processing units, hatcheries, and other
  infrastructure
• 15,000 ha aqua culture (40 of 36.000 ha)

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Principles for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Program

• Focus on alleviation of poverty
• Be market-led and economically sustainable
• Consider environmental sustainability
• Be integrated and holistic, in the coastal zone
  and for poorer coastal communities
• Need to be participatory and consider the real
  needs and capabilities of local people

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STRATEGIES FOR REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION

• Restore people (private) goods
• Getting fishers to start going to sea
• Restart aquaculture
• Introduce appropriate new technologies
• Rebuild public goods
• Repair and rebuilding of critical infrastructure
• Improve support services to fishing communities
• Strengthening coastal communities economic
  activities
• Working capital

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PHASING OF REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
PROGRAM

• Initially for the rehabilitation phase, the focus
  would be on restarting economic activity. This
  phase is expected to start straight away and last
  for about two years 2005-2006.
• Secondly the reconstruction phase, it will start
  to strengthen and build the sector hopefully back
  to pre-tsunami conditions but perhaps to build a
  better Aceh. Reconstruction will have begun by
  the end of the first year and last for about five
  years 2005-2009.

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Reconstruction with value adding
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SHORT-TERM REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES

• Short-term activities, aimed at
• Provide immediate livelihood support.
• Getting fishers to start going to sea and also
  provide (temporary) alternatives
• Restart aquaculture
• Re-establish essential support and regulatory
  services
• Continue detailed assessments of preparations of
  long-term recovery plans and projects.

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MEDIUM-TERM RECONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (2006
2009)

• Community livelihoods management skills built up
• Strengthening credit, marketing and post-harvest
  services
• Support to development of appropriate new
  technologies
• Strengthening the physical infrastructure
• Environmental rehabilitation
• Sustainable fisheries management and enforcement
  
• Education and continuing awareness raising

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RR FUNDING AND MAIN PLAYERS (2005)

• RR Aceh Nias, all sectors 4.4 billion
  committed (of 5.8 billion) multi- bilateral
  INGOs, GoI
• Fisheries Sector (2005) 42 million
• ADB ETESP grant 7,4 million (of 30 million)
• ADB loan reprogramming 1,6 million
• JICS grant 5 million
• GOI MMAF 4 million
• GOI debt moratorium realocation 24 million
• Main Players B R R, UN Int. Finance Inst (FAO,
  ADB), INGOs NGOs, Local Community (Panglima
  Laot), Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
  Provincial of fisheries services, District of
  fisheries services

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Interventions Fisheries

• Cash for work clearing debris
• Tools, training for boat builders
• New craft (esp. small boats) gear and engines and
  repair damaged
• Rehab fishponds
• Rehab fish-based livelihoods fish drying, salt
  farming, traders, tools

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Interventions Fisheries

• Infrastructure rehab (just starting)
• Ecological and fish stock assessment up to 80 m
  deep, including coral reef assessment still on
  going. A deep see stock assessment is still
  pending.
• Not much beyond replacement focusing on
  improvement, like boat building training.

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pre- harvest interventions
PRE HARVEST INTERVENTIONS
Small favorite easy fast cheap visible
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Interventions pre-harvest harvest sector

• Boats, small favorite
• 1600-3200 small boats ready
• pledged around 4000 total, of total target 6000
• many quality issues, not usable, not of preferred
  choice, half work, wrong target group, bad
  quality bad politics

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Portfolio Gaps Regions, 2005
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Portfolio Gaps Sectors, 2005
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Key issues

• Quality of Aid how to ensure good aid?
• Question of Coordination
• Slow 1st year implementation
• Quantity of Aid Danger of Oversupply
  Depletion?
• Who comes first? Potential Social Conflicts
• Cashing in on Social Responsibilities

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Looking ahead ?

• Training on
• Improved Aquaculture Practices Mariculture
• Improved Boat Building
• Improved Processing Techniques
• Fish landing centers, markets
• Irrigation networks for ponds
• Cold storage/ice making plants
• Ecological and fish stock assesment
• Rehabilitation of coastal habitat/ecosystem
• Community level early warning system

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Best Practices

• FAO booklet 15 Steps for Aquaculture Farm
  Rehabilitation in Aceh
• FAO training of boat building
• ADB detail design/construction of ponds, vessel
  and ice plant.
• ADB District concept note/sub-project appraisal
  reports.
• Village mapping planning, resource mapping, and
  eco village
• community participation, coop with panglima laot
• Cooperative management
• shifting gears, targeting bigger boatsdeep sea
  fishing

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Recommendations

• A fine balance-quick, good, and participatory.
• Filling Gaps
• Linking local initiatives regional
  infrastructure projects
• Bridging short long term investment plans

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Recommendations

• Analysing interventions cooperative management
• Strengthening local institutions
• Assessment of ecology and stock resources
• Looking beyond replacement to sustainable
  solutions (build a better Aceh)

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THANK YOU