Orthopedic Impairments

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Orthopedic Impairments

• Special Education 201
• By Victoria Cline
• Chi Truong

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Laws

• Individuals with Disabilities Act PL 108-446
• New Mexico State Law
• ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
• Section 501 of Rehabilitation Act

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Federal LegislationIDEA Public Law 108-446

• Orthopedic Impairment means a severe orthopedic
  impairment that adversely affects a childs
  educational performance. The term includes
  impairments caused by a congenital anomaly,
  impairments caused by disease (e.g.,
  poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis), and
  impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral
  palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that
  cause contractures). Sec 300.8 (c) (8)

http//idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/2Croot2Cregs2
C3002CA2C300252E82C
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New Mexico

• Accepts the federal definition under IDEA
• Clarifies the definition in NM TEAM April 2007
  Article by stating
• an orthopedic impairment involves a chronic
  physical or structural limitation of the
  skeleton, joints, muscles, and/or fascia. This
  may cause impaired ability to use, move or
  control the arms, legs, hands, feet, head, neck,
  and/or trunk resulting in difficulty in the
  performance of gross-motor and/or fine-motor
  activities. Disabilities may be congenital or
  acquired anomalies, excluding traumatic brain
  injury.

NM TEAM Orthopedic Impairment Section April 2007
p. 90
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Do Children with Orthopedic Impairments
automatically qualify for special education?

• Have a disability as defined by IDEA
• Must affect academic achievement

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ADA and Section 504

• Except for accessibility of buildings, and
  modifications and accommodations in testing,
  Section 504 and ADA provide few protections and
  limited benefits to children with disabilities.
• This impairment must substantially limit at
  least one major life activity. Major life
  activities include walking, seeing, hearing,
  speaking, breathing, learning, reading, writing,
  performing math calculations, working, caring for
  oneself, and performing manual tasks. The key is
  whether the child has an "impairment" that
  "substantially limits . . . one or more . . .
  major life activities.

http//www.wrightslaw.com/info/sec504.summ.rights.
htm
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Orthopedic Impairment

• Causes

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Orthopedic Impairment - Causes

• Impairment due to congenital anomaly
• Clubfoot
• Impairment due to effects of disease
• Poliomyelitis
• Bone tuberculosis
• Impairment from other causes
• Cerebral palsy
• Amputations
• Fractures
• Burns that cause contractures

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Poliomyelitis

• Also called Polio
• Highly contagious infectious disease caused by 3
  types of poliovirus
• Virus that causes destruction to nervous system
  paralysis
• 95 of cases produces no symptoms (asymptomatic)
• 4-8 cases produces symptoms (symptomatic)

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Cerebral Palsy

• Group of chronic conditions that affect body
  movements and muscle coordination
• Caused by damage to one or more specific areas of
  brain (usually during fetal development)
• More people in U.S. have cerebral palsy than
  other development disability.

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Brachial Plexus/Erbs Palsy

• Brachial Plexus Injury nerve injury
• Nerve that control muscles in shoulders, arm or
  hand are damaged causing muscles to be paralyzed
• If arm of newborn is weak, child may have
  Brachial Plexus Palsy.

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Muscular Dystrophy

• Group of genetic diseases by weakness and
  degeneration of skeletal muscles that controlled
  movement
• 9 types (all loss of strength, increase
  disability, and deformity)
• 3 most common Duchenne, facioscapulohumeral, and
  myotonic

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Spinal Cord Injury

• No cure at present
• Spinal cord begins with sudden traumatic blow
  that fractures or dislocates vertebrae
• Damage begins when bone fragments or disc
  materials are displaced, bruises
• Injury cause fractures that destroy axons (axons
  carry signals up and down spinal cord) resulting
  in paralysis

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Statistics

• Gender comparison 2006 For every 100 girls with
  orthopedic impairment 118 boys have orthopedic
  impairments (Tom Mortenson)
• In 2002 New Mexico had 5,207 children with
  Disabilities 217 of those children had an
  Orthopedic Impairment.
• U.S. and outlying areas (Guam, PR, Virgin
  Islands, North Marianas, America Samoa) 9,636
  children had Orthopedic impairments and were
  being served under IDEA out of 647,420 total
  children with disabilities.

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Children and students served under IDEA, Part B
by disability category and state fall 2002
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22
Most children who are getting special education
because of an orthopedic impairment in the U.S.
in 2002 are 11 years old.
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References

• http//www.napcse.org/exceptionalchildren/orthoped
  icimpairments.php
• http//www.maessu.org/Orthopedic20impairment.htm
• http//www.ssd.k12.mo.us/Parents/disability_catego
  ries/orthopedic_impairment.html
• http//www.as.wvu.edu/scidis/motor.html
• http//aasep.org/professional-resources/excecption
  alstudents/orthopedicimpairment/index.htm
• http//www.nichcy.org/pubs/genresc/gr3.htm

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References

• http//www.specialed.us/issues-eligibility/eligind
  ex.htm Picture
• http//boysproject.net/statistics.html Statistics
• http//www.unm.edu/devalenz/201/project.pdf
  Statistics
• http//idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/2Croot2Cregs2
  C3002CA2C300252E82C IDEA Law
• http//www.ped.state.nm.us/seo/technical_assistanc
  e/NMTeamManual62907.pdf NM TEAM Article
• http//www.wrightslaw.com/info/sec504.summ.rights.
  htm ADA Section 504
• Video on You Tube about Disabilities
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4aFVTlISue8