American Imperialism

1
American Imperialism
It is our true policy to steer clear of
permanent alliances with any portion of the
foreign world George Washingtons Farewell
Address to the Republic 1796
2
America in 1790
3
America in 1803
4
America in 1853
5
America in 1889
6
America in 1898
7
The Scramble for Africa
8
Three Reasons for expansion

• Desire for military strength
• Demand for new markets and raw materials
• Belief in American cultural superiority

9
Alfred T. Mahan

• American naval officer who wrote a famous book,
  The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.
• Mahans book caused the United States to build up
  its navy, which eventually became the worlds
  greatest.

10
(No Transcript)
11
The White Mans Burden

• Take up the White Mans burden
• Send forth the best ye breed
• Go, bind your sons to exile
• To serve your captives needs
• To wait, in heavy harness,
• On fluttered folk and wild
• Your new caught sullen peoples
• Half devil and half child.

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
Sewards Icebox

• In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward
  negotiated a deal with Russia to buy Alaska. The
  Russians agreed to sell for 7.2 million dollars.
  That comes to 2 cents an acre
• People in America thought it was useless
  landthey called the purchase Sewards Folly,
  and called Alaska Sewards Icebox.

16
Grabbing Hawaii

• Hawaii had become a place where sugar was king.
  Many Americans wanted Hawaii to officially become
  U.S. territory.
• Hawaiis Queen, Liluokalani, resisted American
  attempts to take over.

17
Sugar and Pineapples
18
(No Transcript)
19
Pearl Harbor Cause and Effect
20
The Butcher Valerio Weyler

• He was the Spanish governor of Cuba. There had
  been a revolt among the peasants in Cuba. Weyler
  threw thousands into prison camps, where many died

21
Yellow Journalism
22
William Randolph Hearst

• Major newspaper publisher and one of the richest
  men in U.S. History.
• The movie Citizen Kane is about him.
• You supply the pictures. Ill supply the war.

23
Joseph Pulitzer

• Also a major newspaper publisher around the
  1890s.
• The most prestigious award in journalism is named
  after him.

24
The U.S.S. Maine
25
Remember the Maine!

• In February 1898 the Maine was anchored at
  Havana. An explosion destroyed the ship, and 260
  sailors were killed.
• The Yellow Press immediately blamed the Spanish
  and called for war.

26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
A Chance to grab the Philippines

• Spain had controlled the Philippines since the
  1500s.
• The U.S. Navy had orders to destroy any Spanish
  ships in the area once the war in Cuba began.

30
The Battle of Manila Bay
31
A Splendid Little WarSpanish-American War of
1898

• America quickly sent a fleet to Cuba.
• Soldiers set sail from Tampa Bay. Among them was
  a New Yorker named Teddy Roosevelt

32
The Battle of San Juan Hill
33
(No Transcript)
34
Coaling Stations
35
A New American Empire
36
(No Transcript)
37
Puerto Rico
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
The Monroe Doctrine

• No European country can interfere in the Western
  Hemisphere.
• The U.S. considers the Western Hemisphere our
  back yard.
• The U.S. may use force to stop meddling in
  Central or South America

42
(No Transcript)
43
(No Transcript)
44
Views of the Monroe Doctrine
45
Emilio Aguinaldo

• A Filipino leader who wanted to expel the
  Spanish. He helped American troops take over the
  islands.

46
To Annex the Philippines or Not?

• NO!
• Some Americans, like ex-President Grover
  Cleveland, thought owning the Philippines went
  against our traditions of independence.
• Most Americans had no idea where the islands were
  even located.
• YES!
• The islands were a gateway to the markets of
  Asia.
• Many Americans were excited about the prospect of
  a huge overseas empire.
• Some Americans thought it was our duty to bring
  Anglo-Saxon civilization to non-whites.

47
(No Transcript)
48
Filipino Resistance

• Emilio Auguinaldo
• He had helped the U.S. against the Spanish in
  1898.
• Now, he led a guerilla war against the U.S. army.
• In three years of fighting, over 4300 U.S.
  soldiers would be killed.

49
Kill everyone over ten.
50
(No Transcript)
51
William Howard Taft

• Taft was appointed governor of the Philippines
• He built roads, schools, and hospitals.
• He passed laws to make sure foreigners did not
  take Filipino lands.

52
Yellow Fever
53
Walter Reed

• Led an American team in Cuba which helped prove
  that Yellow fever was carried by mosquitoes.
• By draining swampy areas and spraying pesticides,
  malaria was greatly reduced.
• The Walter Reed U.S. Army Hospital, in
  Washington, D.C., bears his name.

54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
The Death of McKinley
57
How Teddy Became President

• Roosevelt was the young Vice President under
  William McKinley.
• He was already famous as a Rough Rider and a war
  hero.
• He became President almost by accident, but would
  be remembered as one of our greatest leaders.

58
The Age of TR
59
Speak softly and carry a big stick.
60
The Many Hats of TR
61
America Needs a Canal
62
Connecting the oceans

• The Best place for a canal was the narrow isthmus
  of Panama.
• The problem was, Panama was owned by Columbia and
  Columbia didnt want to sell the land.

63
(No Transcript)
64
Roosevelt takes Panama

• Roosevelt told the Panamanians that if they
  declared independence from Colombia, the U.S.
  would back them up.
• When Panama declared independence, the U.S.S.
  Nashville was off the coast to make sure Colombia
  did not try to interfere.

65
"I took the canal zone and let Congress debate.
And while the debate goes on...so does work on
the canal."
66
The French had tried to dig a canal in the 1800s
67
Digging the Canal 1904-1914
68
(No Transcript)
69
(No Transcript)
70
(No Transcript)
71
China in the late 1800s

• China had been a great power throughout all of
  world history
• In the 1800s, the British weakened China by
  forcing the Chinese to allow the sale of Opium
• China did not have the weapons that the Europeans
  had, so it was forced to allow spheres of
  influence.

72
(No Transcript)
73
Opium dens
74
America Wanted an Open Door into China
75
The Open Door Policy

• America said that Europeans could not carve China
  up into little sections.
• Instead, China must be open to trade with all
  countries.... especially America!

76
The Boxers

• Some Chinese wanted to drive out the white
  devils.
• They called themselves boxers because their
  symbol was a fist.
• The European nations, along with the U.S., sent a
  force to put the Boxers down and keep China
  subdued.

77
Boxer Rebellion
78
(No Transcript)
79
America the Imperial Master
"Is America a weakling, to shrink from the work
of the great world powers? No! The young giant of
the West stands on a continent and clasps the
crest of an ocean in either hand. Our nation,
glorious in youth and strength, looks into the
future with eager eyes and rejoices as a strong
man to run a race."
80
(No Transcript)
81
(No Transcript)
82
(No Transcript)
83
The Great White Fleet
84
(No Transcript)
85
(No Transcript)
86
(No Transcript)
87
(No Transcript)