Lifecycle Nutrition

1
Lifecycle Nutrition

• Each stage of the lifecycle has nutritional
  concerns specific to the physiological issues of
  that stage.

2
Pregnancy

• Calorie adjustments for pregnancy are needed to
  support growth of the fetus.
• 300 extra calories/day during the 2nd and 3rd
  trimesters.

3
Pregnancy

• Generally add one extra serving from each of the
  food groups.
• Protein needs are about 10 extra grams/day to
  support growth and development.

4
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

• 1 lb/month during the first three months and
  about 1 lb/week thereafter for a total of about
  25 -35 lb.

5
Special Vitamin and Mineral needs during
pregnancy

• Folate
• is involved in blood production and cell growth.
• Deficiencies have been associated with neural
  tube defects.
• Supplementation is recommended for pregnancy at
  400 micrograms/day during child-bearing years.

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Food sources of Folate
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Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron

• Vitamin D 10 micrograms/day
• non pregnant adult RDA 5 micrograms
• Calcium 1200 -1500 mg/day
• non pregnant adult RDA 1000 mg/day
• Iron 30mg/day instead of 15 mg/day

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• Alcohol, cigarettes, drugs are to be avoided
  during pregnancy and lactation. (Preferably
  after also, but especially during.)
• OTCs, supplements, herbs, and any complimentary
  or alternative meds or practices of ingesting
  anything
• should be OKd by physician, and/or primary
  care provider.

9
Lactation

• Milk production requires energy.
• An additional 500 calories/day are needed for
  lactation
• Adequate fluid intake needs to be emphasized.
• Alcohol and caffeine are discouraged because they
  can be passed through the milk.

10
Childhood Nutrition

• Breastfeeding, (preferred and recommended), or
  formula supply nutrients for the infant.
• Energy needs start at about 1000 cal/day at age
  one and increase gradually (100 calories per
  year) to about 2000 cal at age 10.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

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Childhood Nutrition

• Childrens eating patterns are sporadic and
  usually follow periods of rapid growth.
• RDAs for children are different than for adults.
  (See DRIs charts for specifics.)

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Adolescent Nutrition

• Female growth spurt 10 11 years
• Fat becomes larger percent of body weight
• Weight increases about 35lb during adolescence

• Male growth spurt 12- 13 years
• Lean muscle mass increases
• Weight increases about 45 lb during adolescence

13
Adolescent Nutrition

• Weight problems usually begin to occur in this
  period.
• Drug and alcohol decisions are being made
• Eating disorders increase in female teens

14
Adolescent Nutrition

• Can be as high as 4000 calories in males related
  to lean body mass and activity level.
• Much lower in females compared to males due to
  size differences, higher body fat and decreased
  physical activity.

15
Adolescent Nutrition

• Important to emphasize physical activity
  especially to females because they grow earlier,
  and fat cells grow in size (and number) at this
  age.
• Both males and females teens in America are more
  overweight and obese than in past generations.
  (Increase of diabetes type II also.)

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Adolescent Nutrition

• Iron needs increase females start menstruating
  and lose iron while males increase lean body
  mass.
• Calcium needs increase for proper bone
  development.
• Calcium should also be emphasized for building
  peak bone mass.

17

• Body image issues and cultural pressures to be
  thin and sexy are major contributing factors to
  food and behavior choices!

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• Lets help our teens have a better self image,
  and help them SIFT through all the media hype,
  and cultural pressures.
• http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/ed
  ucational/teaching_backgrounders/body_image/way_we
  _look_pdf.cfm

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Older Adults

• In 1900, life expectancy was 47 years.
• Today it is between 72 and 79.
• RDAs set for adults over fifty.
• Problem what is adequate for a 50 year old, may
  not be adequate for a 75 or 80 year old.
• Research is being done to investigate this now.

21
Older Adults

• Energy requirements decrease with age due to a
  loss in lean body mass and a decrease in physical
  activity.
• After age 50, energy needs decrease about 5 per
  decade

22
Older Adults

• All nutrient needs (at minimum), remain the same,
  or increase, (except iron)
• even though energy needs go down!
• Especially Vitamin D, and calcium

23
Older Adults

• Hydration needs are the same (1 to 1.5
  ml/calorie spent.)
• Elderly tend to forget to drink enough fluids
• Thirst mechanism decreases with age.
• Lose bladder control, so they do not want to
  drink.

24
Older Adults

• Social Issues may interfere with eating and
  nutrition status.
• Loss of spouse
• Oral health problems/altered taste
• Poverty
• Depression/loneliness
• Confusion

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Older Adults

• Encouraging physical activity will help older
  adults by
• Improving strength
• Maintaining muscle mass
• Improving activities of daily living
• Feeling better both mentally and physically,
  which may influence changes in dietary habits.

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• Im not so sure about all this healthy eating
  advise. I figure at the rate Im going, Ill
  need all the preservatives I can get!
• George Burns

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• Nourish Body, Mind, and Spirit!

28

• "What some call health, if purchased by perpetual
  anxiety about diet, isn't much better than
  tedious disease."
• -George Dennison Prentice

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• "If we could give every individual the right
  amount of nourishment and exercise, not too
  little and not too much, we would have found the
  safest way to health."
• -Hippocrates c. 460 - 377 B.C.

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• The first wealth is health.
• Ralph Waldo Emerson

31

• Do not worry, eat three square meals a day, say
  your prayers, be courteous to your creditors,
  keep your digestion good, exercise, go slow and
  easy.
• Maybe there are other things your special case
  requires to make you happy but, my friend, these
  I reckon will give you a good life. And if you
  want this good life even better, help someone
  else in these matters.
• Abraham Lincoln