Challenges For The Marine Transportation System

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Challenges ForThe Marine Transportation System

Captain David B. MacFarland
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The MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMThe Nations
network of oceans, lakes, rivers, canals, locks
and dams

• 95,000 miles of U.S. coastline
• 25,000 miles of navigable channels
• 326 public/private ports, 3700 marine terminals
• Supports 13M jobs, contributes 718B to U.S. GDP
• 78 of foreign trade in/out of U.S. by ship
• 78M recreational boaters 26B spent in FY00
  for boaters
• Every U.S. citizen relies on the MTS energy
  delivery, exports, transportation, cost-effective
  consumer goods, recreation, environmental
  protection

U.S. Coast Guard
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Everyone depends on the MTS for something
food, work or play!
TagHeuer Watch - Swiss made Imported Port of NY/NJ
Renault toy car Made in Taiwan Imported Port
of LA/Long Beach
Canon Ixus Made in Japan Imported Port of Tacoma
Salomon SnowBlades Made in France Imported Port
of Philadelphia
BMW 3 Series Made in Germany Imported Port of
Baltimore
Puma Running Shoes Made in China Imported Port of
New Orleans
From Renault advertisement
Brought to you courtesy of the U.S. Marine
Transportation System
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Energy Transportation
Challenge Uninterrupted delivery to meet
increasing needs

• Oil Crude and Finished
• 2000 Imports 4B barrels
• 2000 Exports 379M barrels
• 2000 U.S. Transshipd 2.6B barrels
• Total 7B Barrels
• Liquid Natural Gas
• 1999 Imports 217.9 BCF
• 1999 Exports 167.3 BCF
• Total 385.2BCF
• Coal
• 2000 Imports 11M tons
• 2000 Exports 58M tons
• 2000 U.S. Transshipd 218M tons
• Total 287M tons

Shipping is the cheapest and most environmentally
friendly form of transport
NOAA
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U.S. Depends on Uninterrupted Flow of Goods and
Energy Products that Fuel A Nation
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COMMERCIAL SHIPPING AFFECTS EVERYONE
West Coast Ports Shut Down
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Critical MTS Issues
99 Report to Congress An Assessment of the
U.S. Marine Transportation System Critical MTS
Issues

• ECONOMY total volume of maritime trade will
  more than DOUBLE in 20 years
• INFRASTRUCTURE Crumbling, undersized, aging
  compromises safety
• TRAFFIC More ships, more CONGESTION
• SECURITY fewer overseas bases rely on
  deployment
• Homeland Security Ports

U.S. Coast Guard
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Critical MTS Issues

• SAFETY 3500 commercial shipping accidents
  annually on U.S. waterways, 6500 recreational
• HAZMAT over 50 cargo is oil or hazardous
  material
• ENVIRONMENT Increased Stress Dredging, Port
  expansion

NOAA
St. Petersburg Times
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Data NeedsCritical Underkeel Clearance Issues
require more accurate information
1 of draft 3M in autos 100K in coal
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TRANSPORTATION MODE COMPARISON
ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY
EMISSIONS PRODUCED Pollutants (in pounds)
produced in moving one ton of cargo 1,000 miles
Source Environmental Advantages of Inland Barge
Transportation, DOT MARAD, 1994
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Container Ship Evolution
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2000 New Build OrdersExpansion of World
Post-Panamax Container Fleet
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15,000 TEU Containership
L.O.A. 400 m (1,312 ft.) Draft 14 m (46 ft.)
BEAM 69 m (226 ft.)
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MEGA SHIPS
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Mega Ports
LA/Long Beach
Port of New Orleans
Port of Los Angeles
MEGA PORTS
Millennium Port
Port of New Orleans
Brownfields
Competing Uses
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San Pedro Bay Ports Cargo Growth Implications

• At current growth and per acre productivity,
  9,400 new acres of container terminal will be
  required by 2020
• Current POLB/POLA container terminal
  acreage 1,880 acres
• By 2010, the POLB/POLA will require over 5000 new
  acres dedicated to containers
• By 2020, a 6,800 acre shortfall !

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China Shipping 9800 TEUS!
COSCO photo
CHINA SHIPPING HAS 33 VESSELS ON ORDER 3
ARE 9800 TEU for TRANSIT FROM FAR EAST TO U.S.
WEST COAST
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COSCOs 9800 TEU Vessel 4900 Trucks Traveling
at 60 MPH, thats a line of trucks stretching
over 320 miles down the highway!
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Overseas Inland Trade Truck Trafficon U.S.
Highway Network, 2020 (Tons)with Transshipment
Routes
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Mega Problems
MEGA PROBLEMS
Jessica -- Galapagos
Ricardo Mazalan/AP
The QE2
National Transportation Safety Board
Tug Mauvilla
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MEGA PROBLEMS
NOAA
U.S. Coast Guard
National Transportation Safety Board
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Houston Ship Channel The Texas Chicken
U.S. Coast Guard
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Houston Ship Channel a frequent condition
HOUSTON. Feb 27 2001 (Reuters) Fog closed the
Houston Ship Channel to inbound traffic again on
Tuesday Earlier this month fog led to long
delays for vessels using the channel, causing a
backlog of almost 80 ships at one point

• Port of Houston -
• Direct costs for deep-sea vessels delayed due to
  fog estd at 4.9M in 2000
• One petrochemical company estd total ancillary
  costs at 30-40M 1st Qtr 2001

NOAA
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NOAA GPS
Continuously Operated Reference System
Accurate Positioning Key to Safe Navigation
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NOAAs Navigation Services Surveying
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WRECKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
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ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS
Available for Free on the Internet (400,000 in
first 2 years) 1,800,000 last year Reduce
transportation delays with low visibility
navigation
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PORTS
Water Levels, Currents, Winds, Salinity,
(Visibility)
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MARINE WEATHER FORECASTS
Issues marine warnings and forecasts Continually
monitors and analyzes maritime data
Provides guidance of marine atmospheric variables
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Spill Management
700 hazardous waste sites contaminate our
coasts2M gallons of oil spilt a year from marine
accidents
Hazmat spill prevention and response
Spill Trajectory Modeling Contingency Planning
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Major MTS Players and Pieces

• U.S. Coast Guard
• Vessel Traffic Management
• Aids to Navigation
• Notices to Mariners
• Law Enforcement
• Automatic Identification System

• Army Corps of Engineers
• Channel Maintenance
• Dredging
• Lock and Dam Repair

• NOAA
• PORTS
• ENCs, Nautical Charts
• Marine Weather Forecasts
• Accurate GPS Positioning
• Hydrographic Surveys
• Hazmat Cleanup

• MARAD
• Intermodal, Port Development
• Domestic Merchant Marine Fleet
• National Defense
• Shipbuilding
• US Merchant Marine Academy

• EPA
• Dredged Material Use
• Invasive Species
• Ballast Water

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INTEGRATED MTS INFRASTRUCTURE
A COMPLETE PICTURE