Defense and Foreign Policy

1
Defense and Foreign Policy
2
The U.S. vs. the Soviet Union

• Conventional conflicts include
• the Korean Conflict
• Vietnam
• Afghanistan
• Nuclear Arms Race 
• Cuban Missile crisis

3
Are we safer since 1991?

• Other "hot spots" include
• Iraq/Iran
• North Korea
• Balkans (e.g., Bosnia, Serbia, ethnic
  cleansing)
• Our Challenge

4
Historical Overview of Foreign Policy

• Isolationism
• Monroe Doctrine 1823
• Manifest Destiny
• Louisiana Purchase
• Purchasing Alaska from Russia
• Portions of the Southwestern U.S. acquired from
  Mexico

5
Historical Overview of Foreign Policy

• 1914-1940 America emerges as a world leader
• 1945 United Nations Created
• 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• NATO vs the Warsaw Pact
• Beginning of the Cold War

6
Historical Overview of Foreign Policy

• Truman Doctrine
• U.S. national security requires the U.S. to
  protect free countries
• Policy of Containment (Domino Theory)
• Provide aid to countries vulnerable to communism
• Korea and Vietnam as examples

7
Historical Overview of Foreign Policy

• 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1970s Détente with the Soviet Union China
• 1979 Soviets invade Afghanistan
• 1979 Iranian fundamentalists take over the U.S.
  embassy in Tehran
• 1980s Ronald Reagans Foreign Policy
• Peace Through Strength
• Assisting freedom fighters in El Salvador,
  Nicaragua, Afghanistan

8
Historical Overview of Foreign Policy

• 1989 Soviets lose influence in Eastern Europe
• Fall of the Berlin Wall, Reunification of East
  and West Germany
• 1989 Democratization movement in China
• 1991 Fall of the Soviet Union
• 1991 The Brief War with Iraq

9
The Making of Foreign and Defense Policy

• President's role
• State Department
• Defense Department
• CIA, NSA, NSC
• Congress' role
• Ratify Treaties
• Appointment and Budgetary Powers
• Power to Declare War
• Congressional Oversight 

10
The Making of Foreign and Defense Policy

• Diplomatic Tools
• Formal Recognition 
• Break off diplomatic relations
• Foreign aid - including humanitarian aid
• Treaties/Executive Agreements
• Covert Actions
• Trade (e.g., Most Favored Nation Status)