Therapy

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Therapy

• Psychotherapy
• trained professional uses methods based on
  psychological theories
• Personal Growth Therapy
• Psychotherapy for normal individuals who
  want to improve

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Ethical Standards for Psychotherapy

• Goals discussed with client
• Alternative treatments considered
• Only treat what you are qualified to treat
• Effectiveness must be evaluated some way
• Confidentiality
• No exploitation
• Treat all with dignity and respect

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Therapy-Psychoanalysis

• Psychoanalysis
• Freud -- belief that the root of all
  psychological problems is unconscious conflict
  between the id, ego and superego
• Job of psychoanalyst is to
• create condition where censorship of ego is
  relaxed
• to interpret the symbolic revelations of the
  unconscious mind to the client

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Therapy- Psychoanalysis

• Free Association
• Dream Interpretation
• Hypnosis
• Interpretation of Resistance
• Interpretation of Transference
• Counter Transference
• Catharsis
• Symptom substitution

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Insight Therapies

• Belief that the primary goal of therapy is to
  bring feelings youre unaware of into conscious
  awareness
• EXAMPLES
• Psychoanalysis and Humanism

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Humanism

• Focus on helping people to understand and accept
  themselves, and to strive to self-actualize

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Humanistic Therapy

• Client-Centered Therapy
• Carl Rogers
• therapist uses techniques such as active
  listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic
  environment to facilitate clients growth
• Active Listening
• empathic listening in which the listener echoes,
  restates, and clarifies
• Reflection reflect emotions of client but do
  not give advice

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Humanism

• Gestalt Psychotherapy
• therapist takes an active role questioning and
  challenging client to help client become more
  aware of their feelings
• supported by Fredrick Perls
• Existential Therapies
• see clients difficulties as caused by the
  clients having lost or failed to develop a sense
  of their lifes purpose.
• Therapists seek to support clients and help them
  formulate a vision of their lives as worthwhile

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Behavior Therapy

• therapy that applies learning principles to the
  elimination of unwanted behaviors

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Behavior Therapy

• Fear Reduction Methods
• Systematic Desensitization imagine fear
• developed by Joseph Wolpe
• Uses graded Exposure
• In vivo desensitization confront actual fear
• Flooding or implosion

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Behavior Therapy

• Counterconditioning
• Type of classical conditioning in which an
  unpleasant CR is replaced with a pleasant one
• Developed by Mary Cover Jones
• EXAMPLE Charley is afraid to go to dr. and cries
  when he sees dr. office. Mom might bring
  Charleys favorite toy to play with or favorite
  snack to have when he visits the dr.
• includes systematic desensitization and aversive
  conditioning

Aversive Conditioning type of counterconditioning
that associates an unpleasant state with an
unwanted behavior nausea ---gt alcohol
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Behavior Therapy

• Aversion therapy for alcoholics

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Behavior Therapy

• Token Economy Instrumental Conditioning
• an operant conditioning procedure that rewards
  desired behavior
• exchanges a token of some sort, earned for
  exhibiting the desired behavior, for various
  privileges or treats

• Modeling

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Cognitive Therapy

• teaches people new, more adaptive ways of
  thinking and acting

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Cognitive Therapy

• A cognitive perspective on psychological
  disorders

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Maladaptive Cognitions
Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck described patterns
of cognition that contribute to abnormal behavior
and emotions Selective Abstraction base
thinking on small detail taken out of
context Overgeneralization reaching a general
conclusion based on a few specific bits of
evidence
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Maladaptive Cognitions

• Magnification/Minimization
• Absolutistic Thinking all or nothing
  everything is awesome or awful

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Rational Emotive Therapy

• Developed by Albert Ellis
• Want to expose and confront the dysfunctional
  though of clients
• What is the worst thing that can happen?

Cognitive Therapy Developed by Aaron Beck --
most often used to treat depression by
encouraging clients to engage in pursuits that
will bring them success
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Biomedical Therapies

• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• therapy for severely depressed patients in which
  a brief electric current is sent through the
  brain of an anesthetized patient
• Psychosurgery
• surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in
  an effort to change behavior
• lobotomy
• now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to
  calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients
  

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Biomedical Therapies

• The emptying of U.S. mental hospitals

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Other Models of Therapy

• Group Therapy

Family Therapy Couples Therapy